Merge branch 'master' into authenticationdb-efcore

# Conflicts:
#	Emby.Server.Implementations/Devices/DeviceManager.cs
#	Emby.Server.Implementations/HttpServer/Security/SessionContext.cs
#	Emby.Server.Implementations/Security/AuthenticationRepository.cs
#	Emby.Server.Implementations/Session/SessionManager.cs
#	Jellyfin.Server.Implementations/Security/AuthorizationContext.cs
#	MediaBrowser.Controller/Library/IUserManager.cs
#	MediaBrowser.Controller/Net/ISessionContext.cs

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -33,7 +33,13 @@ assignees: ''
 **Expected behavior**
 <!-- A clear and concise description of what you expected to happen. -->
 
-**Logs**
+**Server Logs**
+<!-- Please paste any log errors. -->
+
+**FFmpeg Logs**
+<!-- Please paste any log errors. -->
+
+**Browser Console Logs**
 <!-- Please paste any log errors. -->
 
 **Screenshots**

.github/label-commenter-config.yml

@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-comment:
-  header: Hello @{{ issue.user.login }}
-  footer: "\
-    ---\n\n
-    > This is an automated comment created by the [peaceiris/actions-label-commenter]. \
-    Responding to the bot or mentioning it won't have any effect.\n\n
-    [peaceiris/actions-label-commenter]: https://github.com/peaceiris/actions-label-commenter
-    "
-
-labels:
-  - name: stable backport
-    labeled:
-      pr:
-        body: |
-          This pull request has been tagged as a stable backport. It will be cherry-picked into the next stable point release.
-
-          Please observe the following:
-
-            * Any dependent PRs that this PR requires **must** be tagged for stable backporting as well.
-
-            * Any issue(s) this PR fixes or closes **should** target the current stable release or a previous stable release to which a fix has not yet entered the current stable release.
-          
-            * This PR **must** be test cherry-picked against the current release branch (`release-X.Y.z` where X and Y are numbers). It must apply cleanly, or a diff of the expected change must be provided.
-              
-              To do this, run the following commands from your local copy of the Jellyfin repository:
-              
-                1. `git checkout master`
-
-                1. `git merge --no-ff <myPullRequestBranch>`
-
-                1. `git log` -> `commit xxxxxxxxx`, grab hash
-
-                1. `git checkout release-X.Y.z` replacing X and Y with the *current* stable version (e.g. `release-10.7.z`)
-
-                1. `git cherry-pick -sx -m1 <hash>`
-
-              Ensure the `cherry-pick` applies cleanly. If it does not, fix any merge conflicts *preserving as much of the original code as possible*, and make note of the resulting diff.
-
-              Test your changes with a build to ensure they are successful. If not, adjust the diff accordingly.
-
-              **Do not** push your merges to either branch. Use `git reset --hard HEAD~1` to revert both branches to their original state.
-
-              Reply to this PR with a comment beginning "Cherry-pick test completed." and including the merge-conflict-fixing diff(s) if applicable.

.github/workflows/automation.yml

@@ -1,21 +1,31 @@
 name: Automation
 
 on:
-  pull_request:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+  pull_request_target:
+  issue_comment:
 
 jobs:
-  main:
+  label:
+    name: Labeling
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - name: Does PR has the stable backport label?
+      - name: Apply label
-        uses: Dreamcodeio/does-pr-has-label@v1.2
+        uses: eps1lon/actions-label-merge-conflict@v2.0.1
-        id: checkLabel
+        if: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'pull_request_target'}}
         with:
-          label: stable backport
+          dirtyLabel: 'merge conflict'
+          repoToken: ${{ secrets.JF_BOT_TOKEN }}
 
+  project:
+    name: Project board
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
       - name: Remove from 'Current Release' project
         uses: alex-page/github-project-automation-plus@v0.7.1
-        if: (github.event.pull_request || github.event.issue.pull_request) && !steps.checkLabel.outputs.hasLabel
+        if: (github.event.pull_request || github.event.issue.pull_request) && !contains(github.event.*.labels.*.name, 'stable backport')
         continue-on-error: true
         with:
           project: Current Release
@@ -33,7 +43,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Add to 'Current Release' project
         uses: alex-page/github-project-automation-plus@v0.7.1
-        if: (github.event.pull_request || github.event.issue.pull_request) && steps.checkLabel.outputs.hasLabel
+        if: (github.event.pull_request || github.event.issue.pull_request) && !contains(github.event.*.labels.*.name, 'stable backport')
         continue-on-error: true
         with:
           project: Current Release

.github/workflows/commands.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+name: Commands
+on:
+  issue_comment:
+    types:
+      - created
+      - edited
+  pull_request_target:
+    types:
+      - labeled
+      - synchronize
+
+jobs:
+  rebase:
+    name: Rebase
+    if: github.event.issue.pull_request != '' && contains(github.event.comment.body, '@jellyfin-bot rebase') && github.event.comment.author_association == 'MEMBER'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Notify as seen
+        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v1.4.5
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.JF_BOT_TOKEN }}
+          comment-id: ${{ github.event.comment.id }}
+          reactions: '+1'
+
+      - name: Checkout the latest code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.JF_BOT_TOKEN }}
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Automatic Rebase
+        uses: cirrus-actions/rebase@1.4
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.JF_BOT_TOKEN }}
+
+  check-backport:
+    name: Check Backport
+    if: ${{ ( github.event.issue.pull_request && contains(github.event.comment.body, '@jellyfin-bot check backport') ) || github.event.label.name == 'stable backport' || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'stable backport' ) }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Notify as seen
+        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v1.4.5
+        if: ${{ github.event.comment != null }}
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.JF_BOT_TOKEN }}
+          comment-id: ${{ github.event.comment.id }}
+          reactions: eyes
+
+      - name: Checkout the latest code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.JF_BOT_TOKEN }}
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Notify as running
+        id: comment_running
+        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v1.4.5
+        if: ${{ github.event.comment != null }}
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.JF_BOT_TOKEN }}
+          issue-number: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
+          body: |
+            Running backport tests...
+
+      - name: Perform test backport
+        id: run_tests
+        run: |
+          set +o errexit
+          git config --global user.name "Jellyfin Bot"
+          git config --global user.email "team@jellyfin.org"
+          CURRENT_BRANCH="origin/${GITHUB_HEAD_REF}"
+          git checkout master
+          git merge --no-ff ${CURRENT_BRANCH}
+          MERGE_COMMIT_HASH=$( git log -q -1 | head -1 | awk '{ print $2 }' )
+          git fetch --all
+          CURRENT_STABLE=$( git branch -r | grep 'origin/release' | sort -rV | head -1 | awk -F '/' '{ print $NF }' )
+          stable_branch="Current stable release branch: ${CURRENT_STABLE}"
+          echo ${stable_branch}
+          echo ::set-output name=branch::${stable_branch}
+          git checkout -t origin/${CURRENT_STABLE} -b ${CURRENT_STABLE}
+          git cherry-pick -sx -m1 ${MERGE_COMMIT_HASH} &>output.txt
+          retcode=$?
+          cat output.txt | grep -v 'hint:'
+          output="$( grep -v 'hint:'  output.txt )"
+          output="${output//'%'/'%25'}"
+          output="${output//$'\n'/'%0A'}"
+          output="${output//$'\r'/'%0D'}" 
+          echo ::set-output name=output::$output
+          exit ${retcode}
+
+      - name: Notify with result success
+        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v1.4.5
+        if: ${{ github.event.comment != null && success() }}
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.JF_BOT_TOKEN }}
+          comment-id: ${{ steps.comment_running.outputs.comment-id }}
+          body: |
+            ${{ steps.run_tests.outputs.branch }}
+            Output from `git cherry-pick`:
+
+            ---
+
+            ${{ steps.run_tests.outputs.output }}
+          reactions: hooray
+
+      - name: Notify with result failure
+        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v1.4.5
+        if: ${{ github.event.comment != null && failure() }}
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.JF_BOT_TOKEN }}
+          comment-id: ${{ steps.comment_running.outputs.comment-id }}
+          body: |
+            ${{ steps.run_tests.outputs.branch }}
+            Output from `git cherry-pick`:
+
+            ---
+
+            ${{ steps.run_tests.outputs.output }}
+          reactions: confused

.github/workflows/label-commenter.yml

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-name: Label Commenter
-
-on:
-  issues:
-    types:
-      - labeled
-      - unlabeled
-  pull_request_target:
-    types:
-      - labeled
-      - unlabeled
-
-jobs:
-  comment:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-        with:
-          ref: master
-
-      - name: Label Commenter
-        uses: peaceiris/actions-label-commenter@v1

.github/workflows/merge-conflicts.yml

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-name: 'Merge Conflicts'
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - master
-  pull_request_target:
-    types:
-      - synchronize
-jobs:
-  triage:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: eps1lon/actions-label-merge-conflict@v2.0.1
-        with:
-          dirtyLabel: 'merge conflict'
-          repoToken: ${{ secrets.JF_BOT_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/rebase.yml

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-name: Automatic Rebase
-on:
-  issue_comment:
-
-jobs:
-  rebase:
-    name: Rebase
-    if: github.event.issue.pull_request != '' && contains(github.event.comment.body, '@jellyfin-bot rebase') && github.event.comment.author_association == 'MEMBER'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Notify as seen
-        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v1.4.5
-        with:
-          token: ${{ secrets.JF_BOT_TOKEN }}
-          comment-id: ${{ github.event.comment.id }}
-          reactions: '+1'
-
-      - name: Checkout the latest code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
-        with:
-          token: ${{ secrets.JF_BOT_TOKEN }}
-          fetch-depth: 0
-
-      - name: Automatic Rebase
-        uses: cirrus-actions/rebase@1.4
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.JF_BOT_TOKEN }}

.gitignore

@@ -268,6 +268,7 @@ doc/
 # Deployment artifacts
 dist
 *.exe
+*.dll
 
 # BenchmarkDotNet artifacts
 BenchmarkDotNet.Artifacts

CONTRIBUTORS.md

@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@
  - [marius-luca-87](https://github.com/marius-luca-87)
  - [mark-monteiro](https://github.com/mark-monteiro)
  - [Matt07211](https://github.com/Matt07211)
+ - [Maxr1998](https://github.com/Maxr1998)
  - [mcarlton00](https://github.com/mcarlton00)
  - [mitchfizz05](https://github.com/mitchfizz05)
  - [MrTimscampi](https://github.com/MrTimscampi)
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@
  - [sorinyo2004](https://github.com/sorinyo2004)
  - [sparky8251](https://github.com/sparky8251)
  - [spookbits](https://github.com/spookbits)
- - [ssenart] (https://github.com/ssenart)
+ - [ssenart](https://github.com/ssenart)
  - [stanionascu](https://github.com/stanionascu)
  - [stevehayles](https://github.com/stevehayles)
  - [SuperSandro2000](https://github.com/SuperSandro2000)
@@ -146,6 +147,7 @@
  - [nielsvanvelzen](https://github.com/nielsvanvelzen)
  - [skyfrk](https://github.com/skyfrk)
  - [ianjazz246](https://github.com/ianjazz246)
+ - [peterspenler](https://github.com/peterspenler)
 
 # Emby Contributors
 

Emby.Dlna/PlayTo/Device.cs

@@ -370,6 +370,42 @@ namespace Emby.Dlna.PlayTo
             RestartTimer(true);
         }
 
+        /*
+         * SetNextAvTransport is used to specify to the DLNA device what is the next track to play.
+         * Without that information, the next track command on the device does not work.
+         */
+        public async Task SetNextAvTransport(string url, string header, string metaData, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+        {
+            var avCommands = await GetAVProtocolAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+            url = url.Replace("&", "&", StringComparison.Ordinal);
+
+            _logger.LogDebug("{PropertyName} - SetNextAvTransport Uri: {Url} DlnaHeaders: {Header}", Properties.Name, url, header);
+
+            var command = avCommands.ServiceActions.FirstOrDefault(c => string.Equals(c.Name, "SetNextAVTransportURI", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+            if (command == null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            var dictionary = new Dictionary<string, string>
+            {
+                { "NextURI", url },
+                { "NextURIMetaData", CreateDidlMeta(metaData) }
+            };
+
+            var service = GetAvTransportService();
+
+            if (service == null)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("Unable to find service");
+            }
+
+            var post = avCommands.BuildPost(command, service.ServiceType, url, dictionary);
+            await new SsdpHttpClient(_httpClientFactory).SendCommandAsync(Properties.BaseUrl, service, command.Name, post, header: header, cancellationToken)
+                .ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+
         private static string CreateDidlMeta(string value)
         {
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))

Emby.Dlna/PlayTo/PlayToController.cs

@@ -104,6 +104,22 @@ namespace Emby.Dlna.PlayTo
             _deviceDiscovery.DeviceLeft += OnDeviceDiscoveryDeviceLeft;
         }
 
+        /*
+         * Send a message to the DLNA device to notify what is the next track in the playlist.
+         */
+        private async Task SendNextTrackMessage(int currentPlayListItemIndex, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            if (currentPlayListItemIndex >= 0 && currentPlayListItemIndex < _playlist.Count - 1)
+            {
+                // The current playing item is indeed in the play list and we are not yet at the end of the playlist.
+                var nextItemIndex = currentPlayListItemIndex + 1;
+                var nextItem = _playlist[nextItemIndex];
+
+                // Send the SetNextAvTransport message.
+                await _device.SetNextAvTransport(nextItem.StreamUrl, GetDlnaHeaders(nextItem), nextItem.Didl, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            }
+        }
+
         private void OnDeviceUnavailable()
         {
             try
@@ -158,6 +174,15 @@ namespace Emby.Dlna.PlayTo
                 var newItemProgress = GetProgressInfo(streamInfo);
 
                 await _sessionManager.OnPlaybackStart(newItemProgress).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+                // Send a message to the DLNA device to notify what is the next track in the playlist.
+                var currentItemIndex = _playlist.FindIndex(item => item.StreamInfo.ItemId == streamInfo.ItemId);
+                if (currentItemIndex >= 0)
+                {
+                    _currentPlaylistIndex = currentItemIndex;
+                }
+
+                await SendNextTrackMessage(currentItemIndex, CancellationToken.None);
             }
             catch (Exception ex)
             {
@@ -427,6 +452,11 @@ namespace Emby.Dlna.PlayTo
                     var newItem = CreatePlaylistItem(info.Item, user, newPosition, info.MediaSourceId, info.AudioStreamIndex, info.SubtitleStreamIndex);
 
                     await _device.SetAvTransport(newItem.StreamUrl, GetDlnaHeaders(newItem), newItem.Didl, CancellationToken.None).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+                    // Send a message to the DLNA device to notify what is the next track in the play list.
+                    var newItemIndex = _playlist.FindIndex(item => item.StreamUrl == newItem.StreamUrl);
+                    await SendNextTrackMessage(newItemIndex, CancellationToken.None);
+
                     return;
                 }
 
@@ -625,6 +655,9 @@ namespace Emby.Dlna.PlayTo
 
             await _device.SetAvTransport(currentitem.StreamUrl, GetDlnaHeaders(currentitem), currentitem.Didl, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
+            // Send a message to the DLNA device to notify what is the next track in the play list.
+            await SendNextTrackMessage(index, cancellationToken);
+
             var streamInfo = currentitem.StreamInfo;
             if (streamInfo.StartPositionTicks > 0 && EnableClientSideSeek(streamInfo))
             {
@@ -738,6 +771,10 @@ namespace Emby.Dlna.PlayTo
 
                     await _device.SetAvTransport(newItem.StreamUrl, GetDlnaHeaders(newItem), newItem.Didl, CancellationToken.None).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
+                    // Send a message to the DLNA device to notify what is the next track in the play list.
+                    var newItemIndex = _playlist.FindIndex(item => item.StreamUrl == newItem.StreamUrl);
+                    await SendNextTrackMessage(newItemIndex, CancellationToken.None);
+
                     if (EnableClientSideSeek(newItem.StreamInfo))
                     {
                         await SeekAfterTransportChange(newPosition, CancellationToken.None).ConfigureAwait(false);
@@ -763,6 +800,10 @@ namespace Emby.Dlna.PlayTo
 
                     await _device.SetAvTransport(newItem.StreamUrl, GetDlnaHeaders(newItem), newItem.Didl, CancellationToken.None).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
+                    // Send a message to the DLNA device to notify what is the next track in the play list.
+                    var newItemIndex = _playlist.FindIndex(item => item.StreamUrl == newItem.StreamUrl);
+                    await SendNextTrackMessage(newItemIndex, CancellationToken.None);
+
                     if (EnableClientSideSeek(newItem.StreamInfo) && newPosition > 0)
                     {
                         await SeekAfterTransportChange(newPosition, CancellationToken.None).ConfigureAwait(false);

Emby.Naming/TV/EpisodeResolver.cs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ namespace Emby.Naming.TV
         /// <summary>
         /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="EpisodeResolver"/> class.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="options"><see cref="NamingOptions"/> object containing VideoFileExtensions and passed to <see cref="StubResolver"/>, <see cref="FlagParser"/>, <see cref="Format3DParser"/> and <see cref="EpisodePathParser"/>.</param>
+        /// <param name="options"><see cref="NamingOptions"/> object containing VideoFileExtensions and passed to <see cref="StubResolver"/>, <see cref="Format3DParser"/> and <see cref="EpisodePathParser"/>.</param>
         public EpisodeResolver(NamingOptions options)
         {
             _options = options;
@@ -62,8 +62,7 @@ namespace Emby.Naming.TV
                 container = extension.TrimStart('.');
             }
 
-            var flags = new FlagParser(_options).GetFlags(path);
+            var format3DResult = Format3DParser.Parse(path, _options);
-            var format3DResult = new Format3DParser(_options).Parse(flags);
 
             var parsingResult = new EpisodePathParser(_options)
                 .Parse(path, isDirectory, isNamed, isOptimistic, supportsAbsoluteNumbers, fillExtendedInfo);

Emby.Naming/Video/ExtraResolver.cs

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ namespace Emby.Naming.Video
                 }
                 else if (rule.MediaType == MediaType.Video)
                 {
-                    if (!new VideoResolver(_options).IsVideoFile(path))
+                    if (!VideoResolver.IsVideoFile(path, _options))
                     {
                         continue;
                     }

Emby.Naming/Video/FlagParser.cs

@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.IO;
-using Emby.Naming.Common;
-
-namespace Emby.Naming.Video
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Parses list of flags from filename based on delimiters.
-    /// </summary>
-    public class FlagParser
-    {
-        private readonly NamingOptions _options;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="FlagParser"/> class.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="options"><see cref="NamingOptions"/> object containing VideoFlagDelimiters.</param>
-        public FlagParser(NamingOptions options)
-        {
-            _options = options;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Calls GetFlags function with _options.VideoFlagDelimiters parameter.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="path">Path to file.</param>
-        /// <returns>List of found flags.</returns>
-        public string[] GetFlags(string path)
-        {
-            return GetFlags(path, _options.VideoFlagDelimiters);
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Parses flags from filename based on delimiters.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="path">Path to file.</param>
-        /// <param name="delimiters">Delimiters used to extract flags.</param>
-        /// <returns>List of found flags.</returns>
-        public string[] GetFlags(string path, char[] delimiters)
-        {
-            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(path))
-            {
-                return Array.Empty<string>();
-            }
-
-            // Note: the tags need be be surrounded be either a space ( ), hyphen -, dot . or underscore _.
-
-            var file = Path.GetFileName(path);
-
-            return file.Split(delimiters, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
-        }
-    }
-}

Emby.Naming/Video/Format3DParser.cs

@@ -1,45 +1,37 @@
 using System;
-using System.Linq;
 using Emby.Naming.Common;
 
 namespace Emby.Naming.Video
 {
     /// <summary>
-    /// Parste 3D format related flags.
+    /// Parse 3D format related flags.
     /// </summary>
-    public class Format3DParser
+    public static class Format3DParser
     {
-        private readonly NamingOptions _options;
+        // Static default result to save on allocation costs.
-
+        private static readonly Format3DResult _defaultResult = new (false, null);
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Format3DParser"/> class.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="options"><see cref="NamingOptions"/> object containing VideoFlagDelimiters and passes options to <see cref="FlagParser"/>.</param>
-        public Format3DParser(NamingOptions options)
-        {
-            _options = options;
-        }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Parse 3D format related flags.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="path">Path to file.</param>
+        /// <param name="namingOptions">The naming options.</param>
         /// <returns>Returns <see cref="Format3DResult"/> object.</returns>
-        public Format3DResult Parse(string path)
+        public static Format3DResult Parse(ReadOnlySpan<char> path, NamingOptions namingOptions)
         {
-            int oldLen = _options.VideoFlagDelimiters.Length;
+            int oldLen = namingOptions.VideoFlagDelimiters.Length;
-            var delimiters = new char[oldLen + 1];
+            Span<char> delimiters = stackalloc char[oldLen + 1];
-            _options.VideoFlagDelimiters.CopyTo(delimiters, 0);
+            namingOptions.VideoFlagDelimiters.AsSpan().CopyTo(delimiters);
             delimiters[oldLen] = ' ';
 
-            return Parse(new FlagParser(_options).GetFlags(path, delimiters));
+            return Parse(path, delimiters, namingOptions);
         }
 
-        internal Format3DResult Parse(string[] videoFlags)
+        private static Format3DResult Parse(ReadOnlySpan<char> path, ReadOnlySpan<char> delimiters, NamingOptions namingOptions)
         {
-            foreach (var rule in _options.Format3DRules)
+            foreach (var rule in namingOptions.Format3DRules)
             {
-                var result = Parse(videoFlags, rule);
+                var result = Parse(path, rule, delimiters);
 
                 if (result.Is3D)
                 {
@@ -47,51 +39,43 @@ namespace Emby.Naming.Video
                 }
             }
 
-            return new Format3DResult();
+            return _defaultResult;
         }
 
-        private static Format3DResult Parse(string[] videoFlags, Format3DRule rule)
+        private static Format3DResult Parse(ReadOnlySpan<char> path, Format3DRule rule, ReadOnlySpan<char> delimiters)
         {
-            var result = new Format3DResult();
+            bool is3D = false;
+            string? format3D = null;
 
-            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(rule.PrecedingToken))
+            // If there's no preceding token we just consider it found
+            var foundPrefix = string.IsNullOrEmpty(rule.PrecedingToken);
+            while (path.Length > 0)
             {
-                result.Format3D = new[] { rule.Token }.FirstOrDefault(i => videoFlags.Contains(i, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+                var index = path.IndexOfAny(delimiters);
-                result.Is3D = !string.IsNullOrEmpty(result.Format3D);
+                if (index == -1)
-
-                if (result.Is3D)
                 {
-                    result.Tokens.Add(rule.Token);
+                    index = path.Length - 1;
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                var foundPrefix = false;
-                string? format = null;
-
-                foreach (var flag in videoFlags)
-                {
-                    if (foundPrefix)
-                    {
-                        result.Tokens.Add(rule.PrecedingToken);
-
-                        if (string.Equals(rule.Token, flag, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
-                        {
-                            format = flag;
-                            result.Tokens.Add(rule.Token);
-                        }
-
-                        break;
-                    }
-
-                    foundPrefix = string.Equals(flag, rule.PrecedingToken, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
                 }
 
-                result.Is3D = foundPrefix && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(format);
+                var currentSlice = path[..index];
-                result.Format3D = format;
+                path = path[(index + 1)..];
+
+                if (!foundPrefix)
+                {
+                    foundPrefix = currentSlice.Equals(rule.PrecedingToken, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                is3D = foundPrefix && currentSlice.Equals(rule.Token, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+                if (is3D)
+                {
+                    format3D = rule.Token;
+                    break;
+                }
             }
 
-            return result;
+            return is3D ? new Format3DResult(true, format3D) : _defaultResult;
         }
     }
 }

Emby.Naming/Video/Format3DResult.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-
 namespace Emby.Naming.Video
 {
     /// <summary>
@@ -10,27 +8,24 @@ namespace Emby.Naming.Video
         /// <summary>
         /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Format3DResult"/> class.
         /// </summary>
-        public Format3DResult()
+        /// <param name="is3D">A value indicating whether the parsed string contains 3D tokens.</param>
+        /// <param name="format3D">The 3D format. Value might be null if [is3D] is <c>false</c>.</param>
+        public Format3DResult(bool is3D, string? format3D)
         {
-            Tokens = new List<string>();
+            Is3D = is3D;
+            Format3D = format3D;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether [is3 d].
+        /// Gets a value indicating whether [is3 d].
         /// </summary>
         /// <value><c>true</c> if [is3 d]; otherwise, <c>false</c>.</value>
-        public bool Is3D { get; set; }
+        public bool Is3D { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Gets or sets the format3 d.
+        /// Gets the format3 d.
         /// </summary>
         /// <value>The format3 d.</value>
-        public string? Format3D { get; set; }
+        public string? Format3D { get; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Gets or sets the tokens.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <value>The tokens.</value>
-        public List<string> Tokens { get; set; }
     }
 }

Emby.Naming/Video/StackResolver.cs

@@ -85,10 +85,8 @@ namespace Emby.Naming.Video
         /// <returns>Enumerable <see cref="FileStack"/> of videos.</returns>
         public IEnumerable<FileStack> Resolve(IEnumerable<FileSystemMetadata> files)
         {
-            var resolver = new VideoResolver(_options);
-
             var list = files
-                .Where(i => i.IsDirectory || resolver.IsVideoFile(i.FullName) || resolver.IsStubFile(i.FullName))
+                .Where(i => i.IsDirectory || VideoResolver.IsVideoFile(i.FullName, _options) || VideoResolver.IsStubFile(i.FullName, _options))
                 .OrderBy(i => i.FullName)
                 .ToList();
 

Emby.Naming/Video/VideoFileInfo.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using System;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.Entities;
 
 namespace Emby.Naming.Video
@@ -106,9 +107,9 @@ namespace Emby.Naming.Video
         /// Gets the file name without extension.
         /// </summary>
         /// <value>The file name without extension.</value>
-        public string FileNameWithoutExtension => !IsDirectory
+        public ReadOnlySpan<char> FileNameWithoutExtension => !IsDirectory
-            ? System.IO.Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(Path)
+            ? System.IO.Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(Path.AsSpan())
-            : System.IO.Path.GetFileName(Path);
+            : System.IO.Path.GetFileName(Path.AsSpan());
 
         /// <inheritdoc />
         public override string ToString()

Emby.Naming/Video/VideoListResolver.cs

@@ -12,31 +12,19 @@ namespace Emby.Naming.Video
     /// <summary>
     /// Resolves alternative versions and extras from list of video files.
     /// </summary>
-    public class VideoListResolver
+    public static class VideoListResolver
     {
-        private readonly NamingOptions _options;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="VideoListResolver"/> class.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="options"><see cref="NamingOptions"/> object containing CleanStringRegexes and VideoFlagDelimiters and passes options to <see cref="StackResolver"/> and <see cref="VideoResolver"/>.</param>
-        public VideoListResolver(NamingOptions options)
-        {
-            _options = options;
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Resolves alternative versions and extras from list of video files.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="files">List of related video files.</param>
+        /// <param name="namingOptions">The naming options.</param>
         /// <param name="supportMultiVersion">Indication we should consider multi-versions of content.</param>
         /// <returns>Returns enumerable of <see cref="VideoInfo"/> which groups files together when related.</returns>
-        public IEnumerable<VideoInfo> Resolve(List<FileSystemMetadata> files, bool supportMultiVersion = true)
+        public static IEnumerable<VideoInfo> Resolve(List<FileSystemMetadata> files, NamingOptions namingOptions, bool supportMultiVersion = true)
         {
-            var videoResolver = new VideoResolver(_options);
-
             var videoInfos = files
-                .Select(i => videoResolver.Resolve(i.FullName, i.IsDirectory))
+                .Select(i => VideoResolver.Resolve(i.FullName, i.IsDirectory, namingOptions))
                 .OfType<VideoFileInfo>()
                 .ToList();
 
@@ -46,7 +34,7 @@ namespace Emby.Naming.Video
                 .Where(i => i.ExtraType == null)
                 .Select(i => new FileSystemMetadata { FullName = i.Path, IsDirectory = i.IsDirectory });
 
-            var stackResult = new StackResolver(_options)
+            var stackResult = new StackResolver(namingOptions)
                 .Resolve(nonExtras).ToList();
 
             var remainingFiles = videoInfos
@@ -59,23 +47,17 @@ namespace Emby.Naming.Video
             {
                 var info = new VideoInfo(stack.Name)
                 {
-                    Files = stack.Files.Select(i => videoResolver.Resolve(i, stack.IsDirectoryStack))
+                    Files = stack.Files.Select(i => VideoResolver.Resolve(i, stack.IsDirectoryStack, namingOptions))
                         .OfType<VideoFileInfo>()
                         .ToList()
                 };
 
                 info.Year = info.Files[0].Year;
 
-                var extraBaseNames = new List<string> { stack.Name, Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(stack.Files[0]) };
+                var extras = ExtractExtras(remainingFiles, stack.Name, Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(stack.Files[0].AsSpan()), namingOptions.VideoFlagDelimiters);
-
-                var extras = GetExtras(remainingFiles, extraBaseNames);
 
                 if (extras.Count > 0)
                 {
-                    remainingFiles = remainingFiles
-                        .Except(extras)
-                        .ToList();
-
                     info.Extras = extras;
                 }
 
@@ -88,15 +70,12 @@ namespace Emby.Naming.Video
 
             foreach (var media in standaloneMedia)
             {
-                var info = new VideoInfo(media.Name) { Files = new List<VideoFileInfo> { media } };
+                var info = new VideoInfo(media.Name) { Files = new[] { media } };
 
                 info.Year = info.Files[0].Year;
 
-                var extras = GetExtras(remainingFiles, new List<string> { media.FileNameWithoutExtension });
+                remainingFiles.Remove(media);
-
+                var extras = ExtractExtras(remainingFiles, media.FileNameWithoutExtension, namingOptions.VideoFlagDelimiters);
-                remainingFiles = remainingFiles
-                    .Except(extras.Concat(new[] { media }))
-                    .ToList();
 
                 info.Extras = extras;
 
@@ -105,8 +84,7 @@ namespace Emby.Naming.Video
 
             if (supportMultiVersion)
             {
-                list = GetVideosGroupedByVersion(list)
+                list = GetVideosGroupedByVersion(list, namingOptions);
-                    .ToList();
             }
 
             // If there's only one resolved video, use the folder name as well to find extras
@@ -114,19 +92,14 @@ namespace Emby.Naming.Video
             {
                 var info = list[0];
                 var videoPath = list[0].Files[0].Path;
-                var parentPath = Path.GetDirectoryName(videoPath);
+                var parentPath = Path.GetDirectoryName(videoPath.AsSpan());
 
-                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(parentPath))
+                if (!parentPath.IsEmpty)
                 {
                     var folderName = Path.GetFileName(parentPath);
-                    if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(folderName))
+                    if (!folderName.IsEmpty)
                     {
-                        var extras = GetExtras(remainingFiles, new List<string> { folderName });
+                        var extras = ExtractExtras(remainingFiles, folderName, namingOptions.VideoFlagDelimiters);
-
-                        remainingFiles = remainingFiles
-                            .Except(extras)
-                            .ToList();
-
                         extras.AddRange(info.Extras);
                         info.Extras = extras;
                     }
@@ -164,96 +137,168 @@ namespace Emby.Naming.Video
             // Whatever files are left, just add them
             list.AddRange(remainingFiles.Select(i => new VideoInfo(i.Name)
             {
-                Files = new List<VideoFileInfo> { i },
+                Files = new[] { i },
                 Year = i.Year
             }));
 
             return list;
         }
 
-        private IEnumerable<VideoInfo> GetVideosGroupedByVersion(List<VideoInfo> videos)
+        private static List<VideoInfo> GetVideosGroupedByVersion(List<VideoInfo> videos, NamingOptions namingOptions)
         {
             if (videos.Count == 0)
             {
                 return videos;
             }
 
-            var list = new List<VideoInfo>();
+            var folderName = Path.GetFileName(Path.GetDirectoryName(videos[0].Files[0].Path.AsSpan()));
 
-            var folderName = Path.GetFileName(Path.GetDirectoryName(videos[0].Files[0].Path));
+            if (folderName.Length <= 1 || !HaveSameYear(videos))
-
-            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(folderName)
-                && folderName.Length > 1
-                && videos.All(i => i.Files.Count == 1
-                    && IsEligibleForMultiVersion(folderName, i.Files[0].Path))
-                    && HaveSameYear(videos))
             {
-                var ordered = videos.OrderBy(i => i.Name).ToList();
+                return videos;
-
-                list.Add(ordered[0]);
-
-                var alternateVersionsLen = ordered.Count - 1;
-                var alternateVersions = new VideoFileInfo[alternateVersionsLen];
-                for (int i = 0; i < alternateVersionsLen; i++)
-                {
-                    alternateVersions[i] = ordered[i + 1].Files[0];
-                }
-
-                list[0].AlternateVersions = alternateVersions;
-                list[0].Name = folderName;
-                var extras = ordered.Skip(1).SelectMany(i => i.Extras).ToList();
-                extras.AddRange(list[0].Extras);
-                list[0].Extras = extras;
-
-                return list;
             }
 
-            return videos;
+            // Cannot use Span inside local functions and delegates thus we cannot use LINQ here nor merge with the above [if]
-        }
+            for (var i = 0; i < videos.Count; i++)
-
-        private bool HaveSameYear(List<VideoInfo> videos)
-        {
-            return videos.Select(i => i.Year ?? -1).Distinct().Count() < 2;
-        }
-
-        private bool IsEligibleForMultiVersion(string folderName, string testFilePath)
-        {
-            string testFilename = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(testFilePath);
-            if (testFilename.StartsWith(folderName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
             {
-                // Remove the folder name before cleaning as we don't care about cleaning that part
+                var video = videos[i];
-                if (folderName.Length <= testFilename.Length)
+                if (!IsEligibleForMultiVersion(folderName, video.Files[0].Path, namingOptions))
                 {
-                    testFilename = testFilename.Substring(folderName.Length).Trim();
+                    return videos;
                 }
-
-                if (CleanStringParser.TryClean(testFilename, _options.CleanStringRegexes, out var cleanName))
-                {
-                    testFilename = cleanName.Trim().ToString();
-                }
-
-                // The CleanStringParser should have removed common keywords etc.
-                return string.IsNullOrEmpty(testFilename)
-                       || testFilename[0] == '-'
-                       || Regex.IsMatch(testFilename, @"^\[([^]]*)\]");
             }
 
-            return false;
+            // The list is created and overwritten in the caller, so we are allowed to do in-place sorting
-        }
+            videos.Sort((x, y) => string.Compare(x.Name, y.Name, StringComparison.Ordinal));
 
-        private List<VideoFileInfo> GetExtras(IEnumerable<VideoFileInfo> remainingFiles, List<string> baseNames)
+            var list = new List<VideoInfo>
-        {
-            foreach (var name in baseNames.ToList())
             {
-                var trimmedName = name.TrimEnd().TrimEnd(_options.VideoFlagDelimiters).TrimEnd();
+                videos[0]
-                baseNames.Add(trimmedName);
+            };
+
+            var alternateVersionsLen = videos.Count - 1;
+            var alternateVersions = new VideoFileInfo[alternateVersionsLen];
+            var extras = new List<VideoFileInfo>(list[0].Extras);
+            for (int i = 0; i < alternateVersionsLen; i++)
+            {
+                var video = videos[i + 1];
+                alternateVersions[i] = video.Files[0];
+                extras.AddRange(video.Extras);
             }
 
-            return remainingFiles
+            list[0].AlternateVersions = alternateVersions;
-                .Where(i => i.ExtraType != null)
+            list[0].Name = folderName.ToString();
-                .Where(i => baseNames.Any(b =>
+            list[0].Extras = extras;
-                    i.FileNameWithoutExtension.StartsWith(b, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)))
+
-                .ToList();
+            return list;
+        }
+
+        private static bool HaveSameYear(IReadOnlyList<VideoInfo> videos)
+        {
+            if (videos.Count == 1)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            var firstYear = videos[0].Year ?? -1;
+            for (var i = 1; i < videos.Count; i++)
+            {
+                if ((videos[i].Year ?? -1) != firstYear)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private static bool IsEligibleForMultiVersion(ReadOnlySpan<char> folderName, string testFilePath, NamingOptions namingOptions)
+        {
+            var testFilename = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(testFilePath.AsSpan());
+            if (!testFilename.StartsWith(folderName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // Remove the folder name before cleaning as we don't care about cleaning that part
+            if (folderName.Length <= testFilename.Length)
+            {
+                testFilename = testFilename[folderName.Length..].Trim();
+            }
+
+            // There are no span overloads for regex unfortunately
+            var tmpTestFilename = testFilename.ToString();
+            if (CleanStringParser.TryClean(tmpTestFilename, namingOptions.CleanStringRegexes, out var cleanName))
+            {
+                tmpTestFilename = cleanName.Trim().ToString();
+            }
+
+            // The CleanStringParser should have removed common keywords etc.
+            return string.IsNullOrEmpty(tmpTestFilename)
+                   || testFilename[0] == '-'
+                   || Regex.IsMatch(tmpTestFilename, @"^\[([^]]*)\]", RegexOptions.Compiled);
+        }
+
+        private static ReadOnlySpan<char> TrimFilenameDelimiters(ReadOnlySpan<char> name, ReadOnlySpan<char> videoFlagDelimiters)
+        {
+            return name.IsEmpty ? name : name.TrimEnd().TrimEnd(videoFlagDelimiters).TrimEnd();
+        }
+
+        private static bool StartsWith(ReadOnlySpan<char> fileName, ReadOnlySpan<char> baseName, ReadOnlySpan<char> trimmedBaseName)
+        {
+            if (baseName.IsEmpty)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return fileName.StartsWith(baseName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+                   || (!trimmedBaseName.IsEmpty && fileName.StartsWith(trimmedBaseName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Finds similar filenames to that of [baseName] and removes any matches from [remainingFiles].
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="remainingFiles">The list of remaining filenames.</param>
+        /// <param name="baseName">The base name to use for the comparison.</param>
+        /// <param name="videoFlagDelimiters">The video flag delimiters.</param>
+        /// <returns>A list of video extras for [baseName].</returns>
+        private static List<VideoFileInfo> ExtractExtras(IList<VideoFileInfo> remainingFiles, ReadOnlySpan<char> baseName, ReadOnlySpan<char> videoFlagDelimiters)
+        {
+            return ExtractExtras(remainingFiles, baseName, ReadOnlySpan<char>.Empty, videoFlagDelimiters);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Finds similar filenames to that of [firstBaseName] and [secondBaseName] and removes any matches from [remainingFiles].
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="remainingFiles">The list of remaining filenames.</param>
+        /// <param name="firstBaseName">The first base name to use for the comparison.</param>
+        /// <param name="secondBaseName">The second base name to use for the comparison.</param>
+        /// <param name="videoFlagDelimiters">The video flag delimiters.</param>
+        /// <returns>A list of video extras for [firstBaseName] and [secondBaseName].</returns>
+        private static List<VideoFileInfo> ExtractExtras(IList<VideoFileInfo> remainingFiles, ReadOnlySpan<char> firstBaseName, ReadOnlySpan<char> secondBaseName, ReadOnlySpan<char> videoFlagDelimiters)
+        {
+            var trimmedFirstBaseName = TrimFilenameDelimiters(firstBaseName, videoFlagDelimiters);
+            var trimmedSecondBaseName = TrimFilenameDelimiters(secondBaseName, videoFlagDelimiters);
+
+            var result = new List<VideoFileInfo>();
+            for (var pos = remainingFiles.Count - 1; pos >= 0; pos--)
+            {
+                var file = remainingFiles[pos];
+                if (file.ExtraType == null)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                var filename = file.FileNameWithoutExtension;
+                if (StartsWith(filename, firstBaseName, trimmedFirstBaseName)
+                    || StartsWith(filename, secondBaseName, trimmedSecondBaseName))
+                {
+                    result.Add(file);
+                    remainingFiles.RemoveAt(pos);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return result;
         }
     }
 }

Emby.Naming/Video/VideoResolver.cs

@@ -9,38 +9,28 @@ namespace Emby.Naming.Video
     /// <summary>
     /// Resolves <see cref="VideoFileInfo"/> from file path.
     /// </summary>
-    public class VideoResolver
+    public static class VideoResolver
     {
-        private readonly NamingOptions _options;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="VideoResolver"/> class.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="options"><see cref="NamingOptions"/> object containing VideoFileExtensions, StubFileExtensions, CleanStringRegexes and CleanDateTimeRegexes
-        /// and passes options in <see cref="StubResolver"/>, <see cref="FlagParser"/>, <see cref="Format3DParser"/> and <see cref="ExtraResolver"/>.</param>
-        public VideoResolver(NamingOptions options)
-        {
-            _options = options;
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Resolves the directory.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="path">The path.</param>
+        /// <param name="namingOptions">The naming options.</param>
         /// <returns>VideoFileInfo.</returns>
-        public VideoFileInfo? ResolveDirectory(string? path)
+        public static VideoFileInfo? ResolveDirectory(string? path, NamingOptions namingOptions)
         {
-            return Resolve(path, true);
+            return Resolve(path, true, namingOptions);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Resolves the file.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="path">The path.</param>
+        /// <param name="namingOptions">The naming options.</param>
         /// <returns>VideoFileInfo.</returns>
-        public VideoFileInfo? ResolveFile(string? path)
+        public static VideoFileInfo? ResolveFile(string? path, NamingOptions namingOptions)
         {
-            return Resolve(path, false);
+            return Resolve(path, false, namingOptions);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -48,10 +38,11 @@ namespace Emby.Naming.Video
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="path">The path.</param>
         /// <param name="isDirectory">if set to <c>true</c> [is folder].</param>
+        /// <param name="namingOptions">The naming options.</param>
         /// <param name="parseName">Whether or not the name should be parsed for info.</param>
         /// <returns>VideoFileInfo.</returns>
         /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><c>path</c> is <c>null</c>.</exception>
-        public VideoFileInfo? Resolve(string? path, bool isDirectory, bool parseName = true)
+        public static VideoFileInfo? Resolve(string? path, bool isDirectory, NamingOptions namingOptions, bool parseName = true)
         {
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(path))
             {
@@ -67,10 +58,10 @@ namespace Emby.Naming.Video
                 var extension = Path.GetExtension(path.AsSpan());
 
                 // Check supported extensions
-                if (!_options.VideoFileExtensions.Contains(extension, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                if (!namingOptions.VideoFileExtensions.Contains(extension, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                 {
                     // It's not supported. Check stub extensions
-                    if (!StubResolver.TryResolveFile(path, _options, out stubType))
+                    if (!StubResolver.TryResolveFile(path, namingOptions, out stubType))
                     {
                         return null;
                     }
@@ -81,10 +72,9 @@ namespace Emby.Naming.Video
                 container = extension.TrimStart('.');
             }
 
-            var flags = new FlagParser(_options).GetFlags(path);
+            var format3DResult = Format3DParser.Parse(path, namingOptions);
-            var format3DResult = new Format3DParser(_options).Parse(flags);
 
-            var extraResult = new ExtraResolver(_options).GetExtraInfo(path);
+            var extraResult = new ExtraResolver(namingOptions).GetExtraInfo(path);
 
             var name = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(path);
 
@@ -92,12 +82,12 @@ namespace Emby.Naming.Video
 
             if (parseName)
             {
-                var cleanDateTimeResult = CleanDateTime(name);
+                var cleanDateTimeResult = CleanDateTime(name, namingOptions);
                 name = cleanDateTimeResult.Name;
                 year = cleanDateTimeResult.Year;
 
                 if (extraResult.ExtraType == null
-                    && TryCleanString(name, out ReadOnlySpan<char> newName))
+                    && TryCleanString(name, namingOptions, out ReadOnlySpan<char> newName))
                 {
                     name = newName.ToString();
                 }
@@ -121,43 +111,47 @@ namespace Emby.Naming.Video
         /// Determines if path is video file based on extension.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="path">Path to file.</param>
+        /// <param name="namingOptions">The naming options.</param>
         /// <returns>True if is video file.</returns>
-        public bool IsVideoFile(string path)
+        public static bool IsVideoFile(string path, NamingOptions namingOptions)
         {
             var extension = Path.GetExtension(path.AsSpan());
-            return _options.VideoFileExtensions.Contains(extension, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+            return namingOptions.VideoFileExtensions.Contains(extension, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Determines if path is video file stub based on extension.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="path">Path to file.</param>
+        /// <param name="namingOptions">The naming options.</param>
         /// <returns>True if is video file stub.</returns>
-        public bool IsStubFile(string path)
+        public static bool IsStubFile(string path, NamingOptions namingOptions)
         {
             var extension = Path.GetExtension(path.AsSpan());
-            return _options.StubFileExtensions.Contains(extension, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+            return namingOptions.StubFileExtensions.Contains(extension, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Tries to clean name of clutter.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="name">Raw name.</param>
+        /// <param name="namingOptions">The naming options.</param>
         /// <param name="newName">Clean name.</param>
         /// <returns>True if cleaning of name was successful.</returns>
-        public bool TryCleanString([NotNullWhen(true)] string? name, out ReadOnlySpan<char> newName)
+        public static bool TryCleanString([NotNullWhen(true)] string? name, NamingOptions namingOptions, out ReadOnlySpan<char> newName)
         {
-            return CleanStringParser.TryClean(name, _options.CleanStringRegexes, out newName);
+            return CleanStringParser.TryClean(name, namingOptions.CleanStringRegexes, out newName);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Tries to get name and year from raw name.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="name">Raw name.</param>
+        /// <param name="namingOptions">The naming options.</param>
         /// <returns>Returns <see cref="CleanDateTimeResult"/> with name and optional year.</returns>
-        public CleanDateTimeResult CleanDateTime(string name)
+        public static CleanDateTimeResult CleanDateTime(string name, NamingOptions namingOptions)
         {
-            return CleanDateTimeParser.Clean(name, _options.CleanDateTimeRegexes);
+            return CleanDateTimeParser.Clean(name, namingOptions.CleanDateTimeRegexes);
         }
     }
 }

Emby.Server.Implementations/AppBase/BaseApplicationPaths.cs

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.AppBase
             CachePath = cacheDirectoryPath;
             WebPath = webDirectoryPath;
 
-            DataPath = Path.Combine(ProgramDataPath, "data");
+            _dataPath = Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.Combine(ProgramDataPath, "data")).FullName;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -55,11 +55,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.AppBase
         /// Gets the folder path to the data directory.
         /// </summary>
         /// <value>The data directory.</value>
-        public string DataPath
+        public string DataPath => _dataPath;
-        {
-            get => _dataPath;
-            private set => _dataPath = Directory.CreateDirectory(value).FullName;
-        }
 
         /// <inheritdoc />
         public string VirtualDataPath => "%AppDataPath%";

Emby.Server.Implementations/AppBase/BaseConfigurationManager.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
@@ -23,6 +25,11 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.AppBase
 
         private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, object> _configurations = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, object>();
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The _configuration sync lock.
+        /// </summary>
+        private readonly object _configurationSyncLock = new object();
+
         private ConfigurationStore[] _configurationStores = Array.Empty<ConfigurationStore>();
         private IConfigurationFactory[] _configurationFactories = Array.Empty<IConfigurationFactory>();
 
@@ -31,11 +38,6 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.AppBase
         /// </summary>
         private bool _configurationLoaded;
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// The _configuration sync lock.
-        /// </summary>
-        private readonly object _configurationSyncLock = new object();
-
         /// <summary>
         /// The _configuration.
         /// </summary>
@@ -297,25 +299,29 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.AppBase
         /// <inheritdoc />
         public object GetConfiguration(string key)
         {
-            return _configurations.GetOrAdd(key, k =>
+            return _configurations.GetOrAdd(
-            {
+                key,
-                var file = GetConfigurationFile(key);
+                (k, configurationManager) =>
-
-                var configurationInfo = _configurationStores
-                    .FirstOrDefault(i => string.Equals(i.Key, key, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
-
-                if (configurationInfo == null)
                 {
-                    throw new ResourceNotFoundException("Configuration with key " + key + " not found.");
+                    var file = configurationManager.GetConfigurationFile(k);
-                }
 
-                var configurationType = configurationInfo.ConfigurationType;
+                    var configurationInfo = Array.Find(
+                        configurationManager._configurationStores,
+                        i => string.Equals(i.Key, k, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
 
-                lock (_configurationSyncLock)
+                    if (configurationInfo == null)
-                {
+                    {
-                    return LoadConfiguration(file, configurationType);
+                        throw new ResourceNotFoundException("Configuration with key " + k + " not found.");
-                }
+                    }
-            });
+
+                    var configurationType = configurationInfo.ConfigurationType;
+
+                    lock (configurationManager._configurationSyncLock)
+                    {
+                        return configurationManager.LoadConfiguration(file, configurationType);
+                    }
+                },
+                this);
         }
 
         private object LoadConfiguration(string path, Type configurationType)

Emby.Server.Implementations/AppBase/ConfigurationHelper.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#nullable enable
-
 using System;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
@@ -35,7 +33,8 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.AppBase
             }
             catch (Exception)
             {
-                configuration = Activator.CreateInstance(type) ?? throw new ArgumentException($"Provided path ({type}) is not valid.", nameof(type));
+                // Note: CreateInstance returns null for Nullable<T>, e.g. CreateInstance(typeof(int?)) returns null.
+                configuration = Activator.CreateInstance(type)!;
             }
 
             using var stream = new MemoryStream(buffer?.Length ?? 0);

Emby.Server.Implementations/ApplicationHost.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Channels/ChannelManager.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Globalization;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Collections/CollectionImageProvider.cs

@@ -82,9 +82,9 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Collections
                     return null;
                 })
                 .Where(i => i != null)
-                .GroupBy(x => x.Id)
+                .GroupBy(x => x!.Id) // We removed the null values
                 .Select(x => x.First())
-                .ToList();
+                .ToList()!; // Again... the list doesn't contain any null values
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc />

Emby.Server.Implementations/Collections/CollectionManager.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Configuration/ServerConfigurationManager.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 using System;
 using System.Globalization;
 using System.IO;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Cryptography/CryptographyProvider.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#nullable enable
-
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Security.Cryptography;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Data/BaseSqliteRepository.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Data/ManagedConnection.cs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
 {
     public class ManagedConnection : IDisposable
     {
-        private SQLiteDatabaseConnection _db;
+        private SQLiteDatabaseConnection? _db;
         private readonly SemaphoreSlim _writeLock;
         private bool _disposed = false;
 
@@ -54,12 +54,12 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
             return _db.RunInTransaction(action, mode);
         }
 
-        public IEnumerable<IReadOnlyList<IResultSetValue>> Query(string sql)
+        public IEnumerable<IReadOnlyList<ResultSetValue>> Query(string sql)
         {
             return _db.Query(sql);
         }
 
-        public IEnumerable<IReadOnlyList<IResultSetValue>> Query(string sql, params object[] values)
+        public IEnumerable<IReadOnlyList<ResultSetValue>> Query(string sql, params object[] values)
         {
             return _db.Query(sql, values);
         }

Emby.Server.Implementations/Data/SqliteExtensions.cs

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
+#nullable disable
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics;
-using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
 using System.Globalization;
 using SQLitePCL.pretty;
 
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
             });
         }
 
-        public static Guid ReadGuidFromBlob(this IResultSetValue result)
+        public static Guid ReadGuidFromBlob(this ResultSetValue result)
         {
             return new Guid(result.ToBlob());
         }
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
         private static string GetDateTimeKindFormat(DateTimeKind kind)
             => (kind == DateTimeKind.Utc) ? DatetimeFormatUtc : DatetimeFormatLocal;
 
-        public static DateTime ReadDateTime(this IResultSetValue result)
+        public static DateTime ReadDateTime(this ResultSetValue result)
         {
             var dateText = result.ToString();
 
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
                 DateTimeStyles.None).ToUniversalTime();
         }
 
-        public static bool TryReadDateTime(this IReadOnlyList<IResultSetValue> reader, int index, out DateTime result)
+        public static bool TryReadDateTime(this IReadOnlyList<ResultSetValue> reader, int index, out DateTime result)
         {
             var item = reader[index];
             if (item.IsDbNull())
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
             return false;
         }
 
-        public static bool TryGetGuid(this IReadOnlyList<IResultSetValue> reader, int index, out Guid result)
+        public static bool TryGetGuid(this IReadOnlyList<ResultSetValue> reader, int index, out Guid result)
         {
             var item = reader[index];
             if (item.IsDbNull())
@@ -131,17 +131,17 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
             return true;
         }
 
-        public static bool IsDbNull(this IResultSetValue result)
+        public static bool IsDbNull(this ResultSetValue result)
         {
             return result.SQLiteType == SQLiteType.Null;
         }
 
-        public static string GetString(this IReadOnlyList<IResultSetValue> result, int index)
+        public static string GetString(this IReadOnlyList<ResultSetValue> result, int index)
         {
             return result[index].ToString();
         }
 
-        public static bool TryGetString(this IReadOnlyList<IResultSetValue> reader, int index, out string result)
+        public static bool TryGetString(this IReadOnlyList<ResultSetValue> reader, int index, out string result)
         {
             result = null;
             var item = reader[index];
@@ -154,12 +154,12 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
             return true;
         }
 
-        public static bool GetBoolean(this IReadOnlyList<IResultSetValue> result, int index)
+        public static bool GetBoolean(this IReadOnlyList<ResultSetValue> result, int index)
         {
             return result[index].ToBool();
         }
 
-        public static bool TryGetBoolean(this IReadOnlyList<IResultSetValue> reader, int index, out bool result)
+        public static bool TryGetBoolean(this IReadOnlyList<ResultSetValue> reader, int index, out bool result)
         {
             var item = reader[index];
             if (item.IsDbNull())
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
             return true;
         }
 
-        public static bool TryGetInt32(this IReadOnlyList<IResultSetValue> reader, int index, out int result)
+        public static bool TryGetInt32(this IReadOnlyList<ResultSetValue> reader, int index, out int result)
         {
             var item = reader[index];
             if (item.IsDbNull())
@@ -185,12 +185,12 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
             return true;
         }
 
-        public static long GetInt64(this IReadOnlyList<IResultSetValue> result, int index)
+        public static long GetInt64(this IReadOnlyList<ResultSetValue> result, int index)
         {
             return result[index].ToInt64();
         }
 
-        public static bool TryGetInt64(this IReadOnlyList<IResultSetValue> reader, int index, out long result)
+        public static bool TryGetInt64(this IReadOnlyList<ResultSetValue> reader, int index, out long result)
         {
             var item = reader[index];
             if (item.IsDbNull())
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
             return true;
         }
 
-        public static bool TryGetSingle(this IReadOnlyList<IResultSetValue> reader, int index, out float result)
+        public static bool TryGetSingle(this IReadOnlyList<ResultSetValue> reader, int index, out float result)
         {
             var item = reader[index];
             if (item.IsDbNull())
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
             return true;
         }
 
-        public static bool TryGetDouble(this IReadOnlyList<IResultSetValue> reader, int index, out double result)
+        public static bool TryGetDouble(this IReadOnlyList<ResultSetValue> reader, int index, out double result)
         {
             var item = reader[index];
             if (item.IsDbNull())
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
             return true;
         }
 
-        public static Guid GetGuid(this IReadOnlyList<IResultSetValue> result, int index)
+        public static Guid GetGuid(this IReadOnlyList<ResultSetValue> result, int index)
         {
             return result[index].ReadGuidFromBlob();
         }
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
             }
         }
 
-        public static IEnumerable<IReadOnlyList<IResultSetValue>> ExecuteQuery(this IStatement statement)
+        public static IEnumerable<IReadOnlyList<ResultSetValue>> ExecuteQuery(this IStatement statement)
         {
             while (statement.MoveNext())
             {

Emby.Server.Implementations/Data/SqliteItemRepository.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;
@@ -41,6 +43,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
     /// </summary>
     public class SqliteItemRepository : BaseSqliteRepository, IItemRepository
     {
+        private const string FromText = " from TypedBaseItems A";
         private const string ChaptersTableName = "Chapters2";
 
         private readonly IServerConfigurationManager _config;
@@ -1043,18 +1046,34 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
                 return Array.Empty<ItemImageInfo>();
             }
 
-            var list = new List<ItemImageInfo>();
+            // TODO The following is an ugly performance optimization, but it's extremely unlikely that the data in the database would be malformed
-            foreach (var part in value.SpanSplit('|'))
+            var valueSpan = value.AsSpan();
+            var count = valueSpan.Count('|') + 1;
+
+            var position = 0;
+            var result = new ItemImageInfo[count];
+            foreach (var part in valueSpan.Split('|'))
             {
                 var image = ItemImageInfoFromValueString(part);
 
                 if (image != null)
                 {
-                    list.Add(image);
+                    result[position++] = image;
                 }
             }
 
-            return list.ToArray();
+            if (position == count)
+            {
+                return result;
+            }
+
+            if (position == 0)
+            {
+                return Array.Empty<ItemImageInfo>();
+            }
+
+            // Extremely unlikely, but somehow one or more of the image strings were malformed. Cut the array.
+            return result[..position];
         }
 
         private void AppendItemImageInfo(StringBuilder bldr, ItemImageInfo image)
@@ -1282,12 +1301,12 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
             return true;
         }
 
-        private BaseItem GetItem(IReadOnlyList<IResultSetValue> reader, InternalItemsQuery query)
+        private BaseItem GetItem(IReadOnlyList<ResultSetValue> reader, InternalItemsQuery query)
         {
             return GetItem(reader, query, HasProgramAttributes(query), HasEpisodeAttributes(query), HasServiceName(query), HasStartDate(query), HasTrailerTypes(query), HasArtistFields(query), HasSeriesFields(query));
         }
 
-        private BaseItem GetItem(IReadOnlyList<IResultSetValue> reader, InternalItemsQuery query, bool enableProgramAttributes, bool hasEpisodeAttributes, bool hasServiceName, bool queryHasStartDate, bool hasTrailerTypes, bool hasArtistFields, bool hasSeriesFields)
+        private BaseItem GetItem(IReadOnlyList<ResultSetValue> reader, InternalItemsQuery query, bool enableProgramAttributes, bool hasEpisodeAttributes, bool hasServiceName, bool queryHasStartDate, bool hasTrailerTypes, bool hasArtistFields, bool hasSeriesFields)
         {
             var typeString = reader.GetString(0);
 
@@ -1927,7 +1946,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
         /// <param name="reader">The reader.</param>
         /// <param name="item">The item.</param>
         /// <returns>ChapterInfo.</returns>
-        private ChapterInfo GetChapter(IReadOnlyList<IResultSetValue> reader, BaseItem item)
+        private ChapterInfo GetChapter(IReadOnlyList<ResultSetValue> reader, BaseItem item)
         {
             var chapter = new ChapterInfo
             {
@@ -2248,10 +2267,8 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
             return query.IncludeItemTypes.Any(x => _seriesTypes.Contains(x));
         }
 
-        private List<string> GetFinalColumnsToSelect(InternalItemsQuery query, IEnumerable<string> startColumns)
+        private void SetFinalColumnsToSelect(InternalItemsQuery query, List<string> columns)
         {
-            var list = startColumns.ToList();
-
             foreach (var field in _allFields)
             {
                 if (!HasField(query, field))
@@ -2259,28 +2276,28 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
                     switch (field)
                     {
                         case ItemFields.Settings:
-                            list.Remove("IsLocked");
+                            columns.Remove("IsLocked");
-                            list.Remove("PreferredMetadataCountryCode");
+                            columns.Remove("PreferredMetadataCountryCode");
-                            list.Remove("PreferredMetadataLanguage");
+                            columns.Remove("PreferredMetadataLanguage");
-                            list.Remove("LockedFields");
+                            columns.Remove("LockedFields");
                             break;
                         case ItemFields.ServiceName:
-                            list.Remove("ExternalServiceId");
+                            columns.Remove("ExternalServiceId");
                             break;
                         case ItemFields.SortName:
-                            list.Remove("ForcedSortName");
+                            columns.Remove("ForcedSortName");
                             break;
                         case ItemFields.Taglines:
-                            list.Remove("Tagline");
+                            columns.Remove("Tagline");
                             break;
                         case ItemFields.Tags:
-                            list.Remove("Tags");
+                            columns.Remove("Tags");
                             break;
                         case ItemFields.IsHD:
                             // do nothing
                             break;
                         default:
-                            list.Remove(field.ToString());
+                            columns.Remove(field.ToString());
                             break;
                     }
                 }
@@ -2288,60 +2305,60 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
 
             if (!HasProgramAttributes(query))
             {
-                list.Remove("IsMovie");
+                columns.Remove("IsMovie");
-                list.Remove("IsSeries");
+                columns.Remove("IsSeries");
-                list.Remove("EpisodeTitle");
+                columns.Remove("EpisodeTitle");
-                list.Remove("IsRepeat");
+                columns.Remove("IsRepeat");
-                list.Remove("ShowId");
+                columns.Remove("ShowId");
             }
 
             if (!HasEpisodeAttributes(query))
             {
-                list.Remove("SeasonName");
+                columns.Remove("SeasonName");
-                list.Remove("SeasonId");
+                columns.Remove("SeasonId");
             }
 
             if (!HasStartDate(query))
             {
-                list.Remove("StartDate");
+                columns.Remove("StartDate");
             }
 
             if (!HasTrailerTypes(query))
             {
-                list.Remove("TrailerTypes");
+                columns.Remove("TrailerTypes");
             }
 
             if (!HasArtistFields(query))
             {
-                list.Remove("AlbumArtists");
+                columns.Remove("AlbumArtists");
-                list.Remove("Artists");
+                columns.Remove("Artists");
             }
 
             if (!HasSeriesFields(query))
             {
-                list.Remove("SeriesId");
+                columns.Remove("SeriesId");
             }
 
             if (!HasEpisodeAttributes(query))
             {
-                list.Remove("SeasonName");
+                columns.Remove("SeasonName");
-                list.Remove("SeasonId");
+                columns.Remove("SeasonId");
             }
 
             if (!query.DtoOptions.EnableImages)
             {
-                list.Remove("Images");
+                columns.Remove("Images");
             }
 
             if (EnableJoinUserData(query))
             {
-                list.Add("UserDatas.UserId");
+                columns.Add("UserDatas.UserId");
-                list.Add("UserDatas.lastPlayedDate");
+                columns.Add("UserDatas.lastPlayedDate");
-                list.Add("UserDatas.playbackPositionTicks");
+                columns.Add("UserDatas.playbackPositionTicks");
-                list.Add("UserDatas.playcount");
+                columns.Add("UserDatas.playcount");
-                list.Add("UserDatas.isFavorite");
+                columns.Add("UserDatas.isFavorite");
-                list.Add("UserDatas.played");
+                columns.Add("UserDatas.played");
-                list.Add("UserDatas.rating");
+                columns.Add("UserDatas.rating");
             }
 
             if (query.SimilarTo != null)
@@ -2389,7 +2406,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
 
                 builder.Append(") as SimilarityScore");
 
-                list.Add(builder.ToString());
+                columns.Add(builder.ToString());
 
                 var oldLen = query.ExcludeItemIds.Length;
                 var newLen = oldLen + item.ExtraIds.Length + 1;
@@ -2416,10 +2433,8 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
 
                 builder.Append(") as SearchScore");
 
-                list.Add(builder.ToString());
+                columns.Add(builder.ToString());
             }
-
-            return list;
         }
 
         private void BindSearchParams(InternalItemsQuery query, IStatement statement)
@@ -2485,31 +2500,25 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
 
         private string GetGroupBy(InternalItemsQuery query)
         {
-            var groups = new List<string>();
+            var enableGroupByPresentationUniqueKey = EnableGroupByPresentationUniqueKey(query);
-
+            if (enableGroupByPresentationUniqueKey && query.GroupBySeriesPresentationUniqueKey)
-            if (EnableGroupByPresentationUniqueKey(query))
             {
-                groups.Add("PresentationUniqueKey");
+                return " Group by PresentationUniqueKey, SeriesPresentationUniqueKey";
+            }
+
+            if (enableGroupByPresentationUniqueKey)
+            {
+                return " Group by PresentationUniqueKey";
             }
 
             if (query.GroupBySeriesPresentationUniqueKey)
             {
-                groups.Add("SeriesPresentationUniqueKey");
+                return " Group by SeriesPresentationUniqueKey";
-            }
-
-            if (groups.Count > 0)
-            {
-                return " Group by " + string.Join(',', groups);
             }
 
             return string.Empty;
         }
 
-        private string GetFromText(string alias = "A")
-        {
-            return " from TypedBaseItems " + alias;
-        }
-
         public int GetCount(InternalItemsQuery query)
         {
             if (query == null)
@@ -2527,17 +2536,21 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
                 query.Limit = query.Limit.Value + 4;
             }
 
-            var commandText = "select "
+            var columns = new List<string> { "count(distinct PresentationUniqueKey)" };
-                              + string.Join(',', GetFinalColumnsToSelect(query, new[] { "count(distinct PresentationUniqueKey)" }))
+            SetFinalColumnsToSelect(query, columns);
-                              + GetFromText()
+            var commandTextBuilder = new StringBuilder("select ", 256)
-                              + GetJoinUserDataText(query);
+                .AppendJoin(',', columns)
+                .Append(FromText)
+                .Append(GetJoinUserDataText(query));
 
             var whereClauses = GetWhereClauses(query, null);
             if (whereClauses.Count != 0)
             {
-                commandText += " where " + string.Join(" AND ", whereClauses);
+                commandTextBuilder.Append(" where ")
+                    .AppendJoin(" AND ", whereClauses);
             }
 
+            var commandText = commandTextBuilder.ToString();
             int count;
             using (var connection = GetConnection(true))
             {
@@ -2579,20 +2592,23 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
                 query.Limit = query.Limit.Value + 4;
             }
 
-            var commandText = "select "
+            var columns = _retriveItemColumns.ToList();
-                            + string.Join(',', GetFinalColumnsToSelect(query, _retriveItemColumns))
+            SetFinalColumnsToSelect(query, columns);
-                            + GetFromText()
+            var commandTextBuilder = new StringBuilder("select ", 1024)
-                            + GetJoinUserDataText(query);
+                .AppendJoin(',', columns)
+                .Append(FromText)
+                .Append(GetJoinUserDataText(query));
 
             var whereClauses = GetWhereClauses(query, null);
 
             if (whereClauses.Count != 0)
             {
-                commandText += " where " + string.Join(" AND ", whereClauses);
+                commandTextBuilder.Append(" where ")
+                    .AppendJoin(" AND ", whereClauses);
             }
 
-            commandText += GetGroupBy(query)
+            commandTextBuilder.Append(GetGroupBy(query))
-                        + GetOrderByText(query);
+                .Append(GetOrderByText(query));
 
             if (query.Limit.HasValue || query.StartIndex.HasValue)
             {
@@ -2600,15 +2616,18 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
 
                 if (query.Limit.HasValue || offset > 0)
                 {
-                    commandText += " LIMIT " + (query.Limit ?? int.MaxValue).ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                    commandTextBuilder.Append(" LIMIT ")
+                        .Append(query.Limit ?? int.MaxValue);
                 }
 
                 if (offset > 0)
                 {
-                    commandText += " OFFSET " + offset.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                    commandTextBuilder.Append(" OFFSET ")
+                        .Append(offset);
                 }
             }
 
+            var commandText = commandTextBuilder.ToString();
             var items = new List<BaseItem>();
             using (var connection = GetConnection(true))
             {
@@ -2764,20 +2783,27 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
                 query.Limit = query.Limit.Value + 4;
             }
 
-            var commandText = "select "
+            var columns = _retriveItemColumns.ToList();
-                            + string.Join(',', GetFinalColumnsToSelect(query, _retriveItemColumns))
+            SetFinalColumnsToSelect(query, columns);
-                            + GetFromText()
+            var commandTextBuilder = new StringBuilder("select ", 512)
-                            + GetJoinUserDataText(query);
+                .AppendJoin(',', columns)
+                .Append(FromText)
+                .Append(GetJoinUserDataText(query));
 
             var whereClauses = GetWhereClauses(query, null);
 
             var whereText = whereClauses.Count == 0 ?
                 string.Empty :
-                " where " + string.Join(" AND ", whereClauses);
+                string.Join(" AND ", whereClauses);
 
-            commandText += whereText
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(whereText))
-                        + GetGroupBy(query)
+            {
-                        + GetOrderByText(query);
+                commandTextBuilder.Append(" where ")
+                    .Append(whereText);
+            }
+
+            commandTextBuilder.Append(GetGroupBy(query))
+                .Append(GetOrderByText(query));
 
             if (query.Limit.HasValue || query.StartIndex.HasValue)
             {
@@ -2785,43 +2811,58 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
 
                 if (query.Limit.HasValue || offset > 0)
                 {
-                    commandText += " LIMIT " + (query.Limit ?? int.MaxValue).ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                    commandTextBuilder.Append(" LIMIT ")
+                        .Append(query.Limit ?? int.MaxValue);
                 }
 
                 if (offset > 0)
                 {
-                    commandText += " OFFSET " + offset.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                    commandTextBuilder.Append(" OFFSET ")
+                        .Append(offset);
                 }
             }
 
             var isReturningZeroItems = query.Limit.HasValue && query.Limit <= 0;
 
-            var statementTexts = new List<string>();
+            var itemQuery = string.Empty;
+            var totalRecordCountQuery = string.Empty;
             if (!isReturningZeroItems)
             {
-                statementTexts.Add(commandText);
+                itemQuery = commandTextBuilder.ToString();
             }
 
             if (query.EnableTotalRecordCount)
             {
-                commandText = string.Empty;
+                commandTextBuilder.Clear();
 
+                commandTextBuilder.Append(" select ");
+
+                List<string> columnsToSelect;
                 if (EnableGroupByPresentationUniqueKey(query))
                 {
-                    commandText += " select " + string.Join(',', GetFinalColumnsToSelect(query, new[] { "count (distinct PresentationUniqueKey)" })) + GetFromText();
+                    columnsToSelect = new List<string> { "count (distinct PresentationUniqueKey)" };
                 }
                 else if (query.GroupBySeriesPresentationUniqueKey)
                 {
-                    commandText += " select " + string.Join(',', GetFinalColumnsToSelect(query, new[] { "count (distinct SeriesPresentationUniqueKey)" })) + GetFromText();
+                    columnsToSelect = new List<string> { "count (distinct SeriesPresentationUniqueKey)" };
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    commandText += " select " + string.Join(',', GetFinalColumnsToSelect(query, new[] { "count (guid)" })) + GetFromText();
+                    columnsToSelect = new List<string> { "count (guid)" };
                 }
 
-                commandText += GetJoinUserDataText(query)
+                SetFinalColumnsToSelect(query, columnsToSelect);
-                            + whereText;
+
-                statementTexts.Add(commandText);
+                commandTextBuilder.AppendJoin(',', columnsToSelect)
+                    .Append(FromText)
+                    .Append(GetJoinUserDataText(query));
+                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(whereText))
+                {
+                    commandTextBuilder.Append(" where ")
+                        .Append(whereText);
+                }
+
+                totalRecordCountQuery = commandTextBuilder.ToString();
             }
 
             var list = new List<BaseItem>();
@@ -2831,11 +2872,12 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
                 connection.RunInTransaction(
                 db =>
                 {
-                    var statements = PrepareAll(db, statementTexts);
+                    var itemQueryStatement = PrepareStatement(db, itemQuery);
+                    var totalRecordCountQueryStatement = PrepareStatement(db, totalRecordCountQuery);
 
                     if (!isReturningZeroItems)
                     {
-                        using (var statement = statements[0])
+                        using (var statement = itemQueryStatement)
                         {
                             if (EnableJoinUserData(query))
                             {
@@ -2865,11 +2907,14 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
                                 }
                             }
                         }
+
+                        LogQueryTime("GetItems.ItemQuery", itemQuery, now);
                     }
 
+                    now = DateTime.UtcNow;
                     if (query.EnableTotalRecordCount)
                     {
-                        using (var statement = statements[statements.Length - 1])
+                        using (var statement = totalRecordCountQueryStatement)
                         {
                             if (EnableJoinUserData(query))
                             {
@@ -2884,11 +2929,12 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
 
                             result.TotalRecordCount = statement.ExecuteQuery().SelectScalarInt().First();
                         }
+
+                        LogQueryTime("GetItems.TotalRecordCount", totalRecordCountQuery, now);
                     }
                 }, ReadTransactionMode);
             }
 
-            LogQueryTime("GetItems", commandText, now);
             result.Items = list;
             return result;
         }
@@ -3021,19 +3067,22 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
 
             var now = DateTime.UtcNow;
 
-            var commandText = "select "
+            var columns = new List<string> { "guid" };
-                            + string.Join(',', GetFinalColumnsToSelect(query, new[] { "guid" }))
+            SetFinalColumnsToSelect(query, columns);
-                            + GetFromText()
+            var commandTextBuilder = new StringBuilder("select ", 256)
-                            + GetJoinUserDataText(query);
+                .AppendJoin(',', columns)
+                .Append(FromText)
+                .Append(GetJoinUserDataText(query));
 
             var whereClauses = GetWhereClauses(query, null);
             if (whereClauses.Count != 0)
             {
-                commandText += " where " + string.Join(" AND ", whereClauses);
+                commandTextBuilder.Append(" where ")
+                    .AppendJoin(" AND ", whereClauses);
             }
 
-            commandText += GetGroupBy(query)
+            commandTextBuilder.Append(GetGroupBy(query))
-                        + GetOrderByText(query);
+                .Append(GetOrderByText(query));
 
             if (query.Limit.HasValue || query.StartIndex.HasValue)
             {
@@ -3041,15 +3090,18 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
 
                 if (query.Limit.HasValue || offset > 0)
                 {
-                    commandText += " LIMIT " + (query.Limit ?? int.MaxValue).ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                    commandTextBuilder.Append(" LIMIT ")
+                        .Append(query.Limit ?? int.MaxValue);
                 }
 
                 if (offset > 0)
                 {
-                    commandText += " OFFSET " + offset.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                    commandTextBuilder.Append(" OFFSET ")
+                        .Append(offset);
                 }
             }
 
+            var commandText = commandTextBuilder.ToString();
             var list = new List<Guid>();
             using (var connection = GetConnection(true))
             {
@@ -3088,7 +3140,9 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
 
             var now = DateTime.UtcNow;
 
-            var commandText = "select " + string.Join(',', GetFinalColumnsToSelect(query, new[] { "guid", "path" })) + GetFromText();
+            var columns = new List<string> { "guid", "path" };
+            SetFinalColumnsToSelect(query, columns);
+            var commandText = "select " + string.Join(',', columns) + FromText;
 
             var whereClauses = GetWhereClauses(query, null);
             if (whereClauses.Count != 0)
@@ -3164,9 +3218,11 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
 
             var now = DateTime.UtcNow;
 
+            var columns = new List<string> { "guid" };
+            SetFinalColumnsToSelect(query, columns);
             var commandText = "select "
-                            + string.Join(',', GetFinalColumnsToSelect(query, new[] { "guid" }))
+                            + string.Join(',', columns)
-                            + GetFromText()
+                            + FromText
                             + GetJoinUserDataText(query);
 
             var whereClauses = GetWhereClauses(query, null);
@@ -3206,19 +3262,23 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
             {
                 commandText = string.Empty;
 
+                List<string> columnsToSelect;
                 if (EnableGroupByPresentationUniqueKey(query))
                 {
-                    commandText += " select " + string.Join(',', GetFinalColumnsToSelect(query, new[] { "count (distinct PresentationUniqueKey)" })) + GetFromText();
+                    columnsToSelect = new List<string> { "count (distinct PresentationUniqueKey)" };
                 }
                 else if (query.GroupBySeriesPresentationUniqueKey)
                 {
-                    commandText += " select " + string.Join(',', GetFinalColumnsToSelect(query, new[] { "count (distinct SeriesPresentationUniqueKey)" })) + GetFromText();
+                    columnsToSelect = new List<string> { "count (distinct SeriesPresentationUniqueKey)" };
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    commandText += " select " + string.Join(',', GetFinalColumnsToSelect(query, new[] { "count (guid)" })) + GetFromText();
+                    columnsToSelect = new List<string> { "count (guid)" };
                 }
 
+                SetFinalColumnsToSelect(query, columnsToSelect);
+                commandText += " select " + string.Join(',', columnsToSelect) + FromText;
+
                 commandText += GetJoinUserDataText(query)
                             + whereText;
                 statementTexts.Add(commandText);
@@ -4413,56 +4473,50 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
                 whereClauses.Add(GetProviderIdClause(query.HasTvdbId.Value, "tvdb"));
             }
 
-            var includedItemByNameTypes = GetItemByNameTypesInQuery(query);
-            var enableItemsByName = (query.IncludeItemsByName ?? false) && includedItemByNameTypes.Count > 0;
-
             var queryTopParentIds = query.TopParentIds;
 
-            if (queryTopParentIds.Length == 1)
+            if (queryTopParentIds.Length > 0)
             {
-                if (enableItemsByName && includedItemByNameTypes.Count == 1)
+                var includedItemByNameTypes = GetItemByNameTypesInQuery(query);
-                {
+                var enableItemsByName = (query.IncludeItemsByName ?? false) && includedItemByNameTypes.Count > 0;
-                    whereClauses.Add("(TopParentId=@TopParentId or Type=@IncludedItemByNameType)");
-                    if (statement != null)
-                    {
-                        statement.TryBind("@IncludedItemByNameType", includedItemByNameTypes[0]);
-                    }
-                }
-                else if (enableItemsByName && includedItemByNameTypes.Count > 1)
-                {
-                    var itemByNameTypeVal = string.Join(',', includedItemByNameTypes.Select(i => "'" + i + "'"));
-                    whereClauses.Add("(TopParentId=@TopParentId or Type in (" + itemByNameTypeVal + "))");
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    whereClauses.Add("(TopParentId=@TopParentId)");
-                }
 
-                if (statement != null)
+                if (queryTopParentIds.Length == 1)
                 {
-                    statement.TryBind("@TopParentId", queryTopParentIds[0].ToString("N", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+                    if (enableItemsByName && includedItemByNameTypes.Count == 1)
-                }
-            }
-            else if (queryTopParentIds.Length > 1)
-            {
-                var val = string.Join(',', queryTopParentIds.Select(i => "'" + i.ToString("N", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) + "'"));
-
-                if (enableItemsByName && includedItemByNameTypes.Count == 1)
-                {
-                    whereClauses.Add("(Type=@IncludedItemByNameType or TopParentId in (" + val + "))");
-                    if (statement != null)
                     {
-                        statement.TryBind("@IncludedItemByNameType", includedItemByNameTypes[0]);
+                        whereClauses.Add("(TopParentId=@TopParentId or Type=@IncludedItemByNameType)");
+                        statement?.TryBind("@IncludedItemByNameType", includedItemByNameTypes[0]);
                     }
+                    else if (enableItemsByName && includedItemByNameTypes.Count > 1)
+                    {
+                        var itemByNameTypeVal = string.Join(',', includedItemByNameTypes.Select(i => "'" + i + "'"));
+                        whereClauses.Add("(TopParentId=@TopParentId or Type in (" + itemByNameTypeVal + "))");
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        whereClauses.Add("(TopParentId=@TopParentId)");
+                    }
+
+                    statement?.TryBind("@TopParentId", queryTopParentIds[0].ToString("N", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
                 }
-                else if (enableItemsByName && includedItemByNameTypes.Count > 1)
+                else if (queryTopParentIds.Length > 1)
                 {
-                    var itemByNameTypeVal = string.Join(',', includedItemByNameTypes.Select(i => "'" + i + "'"));
+                    var val = string.Join(',', queryTopParentIds.Select(i => "'" + i.ToString("N", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) + "'"));
-                    whereClauses.Add("(Type in (" + itemByNameTypeVal + ") or TopParentId in (" + val + "))");
+
-                }
+                    if (enableItemsByName && includedItemByNameTypes.Count == 1)
-                else
+                    {
-                {
+                        whereClauses.Add("(Type=@IncludedItemByNameType or TopParentId in (" + val + "))");
-                    whereClauses.Add("TopParentId in (" + val + ")");
+                        statement?.TryBind("@IncludedItemByNameType", includedItemByNameTypes[0]);
+                    }
+                    else if (enableItemsByName && includedItemByNameTypes.Count > 1)
+                    {
+                        var itemByNameTypeVal = string.Join(',', includedItemByNameTypes.Select(i => "'" + i + "'"));
+                        whereClauses.Add("(Type in (" + itemByNameTypeVal + ") or TopParentId in (" + val + "))");
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        whereClauses.Add("TopParentId in (" + val + ")");
+                    }
                 }
             }
 
@@ -4744,17 +4798,12 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
                 return true;
             }
 
-            var types = new[]
+            if (query.IncludeItemTypes.Contains(nameof(Episode), StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
-            {
+                || query.IncludeItemTypes.Contains(nameof(Video), StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
-                nameof(Episode),
+                || query.IncludeItemTypes.Contains(nameof(Movie), StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
-                nameof(Video),
+                || query.IncludeItemTypes.Contains(nameof(MusicVideo), StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
-                nameof(Movie),
+                || query.IncludeItemTypes.Contains(nameof(Series), StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
-                nameof(MusicVideo),
+                || query.IncludeItemTypes.Contains(nameof(Season), StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
-                nameof(Series),
-                nameof(Season)
-            };
-
-            if (types.Any(i => query.IncludeItemTypes.Contains(i, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)))
             {
                 return true;
             }
@@ -5198,37 +5247,45 @@ AND Type = @InternalPersonType)");
 
             var now = DateTime.UtcNow;
 
-            var typeClause = itemValueTypes.Length == 1 ?
+            var stringBuilder = new StringBuilder("Select Value From ItemValues where Type", 128);
-                ("Type=" + itemValueTypes[0].ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)) :
+            if (itemValueTypes.Length == 1)
-                ("Type in (" + string.Join(',', itemValueTypes.Select(i => i.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture))) + ")");
+            {
-
+                stringBuilder.Append('=')
-            var commandText = "Select Value From ItemValues where " + typeClause;
+                    .Append(itemValueTypes[0]);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                stringBuilder.Append(" in (")
+                    .AppendJoin(',', itemValueTypes)
+                    .Append(')');
+            }
 
             if (withItemTypes.Count > 0)
             {
-                var typeString = string.Join(',', withItemTypes.Select(i => "'" + i + "'"));
+                stringBuilder.Append(" AND ItemId In (select guid from typedbaseitems where type in (")
-                commandText += " AND ItemId In (select guid from typedbaseitems where type in (" + typeString + "))";
+                    .AppendJoinInSingleQuotes(',', withItemTypes)
+                    .Append("))");
             }
 
             if (excludeItemTypes.Count > 0)
             {
-                var typeString = string.Join(',', excludeItemTypes.Select(i => "'" + i + "'"));
+                stringBuilder.Append(" AND ItemId not In (select guid from typedbaseitems where type in (")
-                commandText += " AND ItemId not In (select guid from typedbaseitems where type in (" + typeString + "))";
+                    .AppendJoinInSingleQuotes(',', excludeItemTypes)
+                    .Append("))");
             }
 
-            commandText += " Group By CleanValue";
+            stringBuilder.Append(" Group By CleanValue");
+            var commandText = stringBuilder.ToString();
 
             var list = new List<string>();
             using (var connection = GetConnection(true))
+            using (var statement = PrepareStatement(connection, commandText))
             {
-                using (var statement = PrepareStatement(connection, commandText))
+                foreach (var row in statement.ExecuteQuery())
                 {
-                    foreach (var row in statement.ExecuteQuery())
+                    if (row.TryGetString(0, out var result))
                     {
-                        if (row.TryGetString(0, out var result))
+                        list.Add(result);
-                        {
-                            list.Add(result);
-                        }
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -5254,18 +5311,19 @@ AND Type = @InternalPersonType)");
             var now = DateTime.UtcNow;
 
             var typeClause = itemValueTypes.Length == 1 ?
-                ("Type=" + itemValueTypes[0].ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)) :
+                ("Type=" + itemValueTypes[0]) :
-                ("Type in (" + string.Join(',', itemValueTypes.Select(i => i.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture))) + ")");
+                ("Type in (" + string.Join(',', itemValueTypes) + ")");
 
             InternalItemsQuery typeSubQuery = null;
 
-            Dictionary<string, string> itemCountColumns = null;
+            string itemCountColumns = null;
 
+            var stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(1024);
             var typesToCount = query.IncludeItemTypes;
 
             if (typesToCount.Length > 0)
             {
-                var itemCountColumnQuery = "select group_concat(type, '|')" + GetFromText("B");
+                stringBuilder.Append("(select group_concat(type, '|') from TypedBaseItems B");
 
                 typeSubQuery = new InternalItemsQuery(query.User)
                 {
@@ -5281,20 +5339,22 @@ AND Type = @InternalPersonType)");
                 };
                 var whereClauses = GetWhereClauses(typeSubQuery, null);
 
-                whereClauses.Add("guid in (select ItemId from ItemValues where ItemValues.CleanValue=A.CleanName AND " + typeClause + ")");
+                stringBuilder.Append(" where ")
+                    .AppendJoin(" AND ", whereClauses)
+                    .Append(" AND ")
+                    .Append("guid in (select ItemId from ItemValues where ItemValues.CleanValue=A.CleanName AND ")
+                    .Append(typeClause)
+                    .Append(")) as itemTypes");
 
-                itemCountColumnQuery += " where " + string.Join(" AND ", whereClauses);
+                itemCountColumns = stringBuilder.ToString();
-
+                stringBuilder.Clear();
-                itemCountColumns = new Dictionary<string, string>()
-                {
-                    { "itemTypes", "(" + itemCountColumnQuery + ") as itemTypes" }
-                };
             }
 
             List<string> columns = _retriveItemColumns.ToList();
-            if (itemCountColumns != null)
+            // Unfortunately we need to add it to columns to ensure the order of the columns in the select
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(itemCountColumns))
             {
-                columns.AddRange(itemCountColumns.Values);
+                columns.Add(itemCountColumns);
             }
 
             // do this first before calling GetFinalColumnsToSelect, otherwise ExcludeItemIds will be set by SimilarTo
@@ -5315,20 +5375,20 @@ AND Type = @InternalPersonType)");
                 IsSeries = query.IsSeries
             };
 
-            columns = GetFinalColumnsToSelect(query, columns);
+            SetFinalColumnsToSelect(query, columns);
-
-            var commandText = "select "
-                            + string.Join(',', columns)
-                            + GetFromText()
-                            + GetJoinUserDataText(query);
 
             var innerWhereClauses = GetWhereClauses(innerQuery, null);
 
-            var innerWhereText = innerWhereClauses.Count == 0 ?
+            stringBuilder.Append(" where Type=@SelectType And CleanName In (Select CleanValue from ItemValues where ")
-                string.Empty :
+                .Append(typeClause)
-                " where " + string.Join(" AND ", innerWhereClauses);
+                .Append(" AND ItemId in (select guid from TypedBaseItems");
+            if (innerWhereClauses.Count > 0)
+            {
+                stringBuilder.Append(" where ")
+                    .AppendJoin(" AND ", innerWhereClauses);
+            }
 
-            var whereText = " where Type=@SelectType And CleanName In (Select CleanValue from ItemValues where " + typeClause + " AND ItemId in (select guid from TypedBaseItems" + innerWhereText + "))";
+            stringBuilder.Append("))");
 
             var outerQuery = new InternalItemsQuery(query.User)
             {
@@ -5353,23 +5413,31 @@ AND Type = @InternalPersonType)");
             };
 
             var outerWhereClauses = GetWhereClauses(outerQuery, null);
-
             if (outerWhereClauses.Count != 0)
             {
-                whereText += " AND " + string.Join(" AND ", outerWhereClauses);
+                stringBuilder.Append(" AND ")
+                    .AppendJoin(" AND ", outerWhereClauses);
             }
 
-            commandText += whereText + " group by PresentationUniqueKey";
+            var whereText = stringBuilder.ToString();
+            stringBuilder.Clear();
+
+            stringBuilder.Append("select ")
+                .AppendJoin(',', columns)
+                .Append(FromText)
+                .Append(GetJoinUserDataText(query))
+                .Append(whereText)
+                .Append(" group by PresentationUniqueKey");
 
             if (query.OrderBy.Count != 0
                 || query.SimilarTo != null
                 || !string.IsNullOrEmpty(query.SearchTerm))
             {
-                commandText += GetOrderByText(query);
+                stringBuilder.Append(GetOrderByText(query));
             }
             else
             {
-                commandText += " order by SortName";
+                stringBuilder.Append(" order by SortName");
             }
 
             if (query.Limit.HasValue || query.StartIndex.HasValue)
@@ -5378,32 +5446,39 @@ AND Type = @InternalPersonType)");
 
                 if (query.Limit.HasValue || offset > 0)
                 {
-                    commandText += " LIMIT " + (query.Limit ?? int.MaxValue).ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                    stringBuilder.Append(" LIMIT ")
+                        .Append(query.Limit ?? int.MaxValue);
                 }
 
                 if (offset > 0)
                 {
-                    commandText += " OFFSET " + offset.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                    stringBuilder.Append(" OFFSET ")
+                        .Append(offset);
                 }
             }
 
             var isReturningZeroItems = query.Limit.HasValue && query.Limit <= 0;
 
-            var statementTexts = new List<string>();
+            string commandText = string.Empty;
+
             if (!isReturningZeroItems)
             {
-                statementTexts.Add(commandText);
+                commandText = stringBuilder.ToString();
             }
 
+            string countText = string.Empty;
             if (query.EnableTotalRecordCount)
             {
-                var countText = "select "
+                stringBuilder.Clear();
-                            + string.Join(',', GetFinalColumnsToSelect(query, new[] { "count (distinct PresentationUniqueKey)" }))
+                var columnsToSelect = new List<string> { "count (distinct PresentationUniqueKey)" };
-                            + GetFromText()
+                SetFinalColumnsToSelect(query, columnsToSelect);
-                            + GetJoinUserDataText(query)
+                stringBuilder.Append("select ")
-                            + whereText;
+                    .AppendJoin(',', columnsToSelect)
+                    .Append(FromText)
+                    .Append(GetJoinUserDataText(query))
+                    .Append(whereText);
 
-                statementTexts.Add(countText);
+                countText = stringBuilder.ToString();
             }
 
             var list = new List<(BaseItem, ItemCounts)>();
@@ -5413,11 +5488,9 @@ AND Type = @InternalPersonType)");
                 connection.RunInTransaction(
                     db =>
                     {
-                        var statements = PrepareAll(db, statementTexts);
-
                         if (!isReturningZeroItems)
                         {
-                            using (var statement = statements[0])
+                            using (var statement = PrepareStatement(db, commandText))
                             {
                                 statement.TryBind("@SelectType", returnType);
                                 if (EnableJoinUserData(query))
@@ -5458,13 +5531,7 @@ AND Type = @InternalPersonType)");
 
                         if (query.EnableTotalRecordCount)
                         {
-                            commandText = "select "
+                            using (var statement = PrepareStatement(db, countText))
-                                        + string.Join(',', GetFinalColumnsToSelect(query, new[] { "count (distinct PresentationUniqueKey)" }))
-                                        + GetFromText()
-                                        + GetJoinUserDataText(query)
-                                        + whereText;
-
-                            using (var statement = statements[statements.Length - 1])
                             {
                                 statement.TryBind("@SelectType", returnType);
                                 if (EnableJoinUserData(query))
@@ -5501,7 +5568,7 @@ AND Type = @InternalPersonType)");
             return result;
         }
 
-        private static ItemCounts GetItemCounts(IReadOnlyList<IResultSetValue> reader, int countStartColumn, string[] typesToCount)
+        private static ItemCounts GetItemCounts(IReadOnlyList<ResultSetValue> reader, int countStartColumn, string[] typesToCount)
         {
             var counts = new ItemCounts();
 
@@ -5732,7 +5799,7 @@ AND Type = @InternalPersonType)");
             }
         }
 
-        private PersonInfo GetPerson(IReadOnlyList<IResultSetValue> reader)
+        private PersonInfo GetPerson(IReadOnlyList<ResultSetValue> reader)
         {
             var item = new PersonInfo
             {
@@ -5939,7 +6006,7 @@ AND Type = @InternalPersonType)");
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="reader">The reader.</param>
         /// <returns>ChapterInfo.</returns>
-        private MediaStream GetMediaStream(IReadOnlyList<IResultSetValue> reader)
+        private MediaStream GetMediaStream(IReadOnlyList<ResultSetValue> reader)
         {
             var item = new MediaStream
             {
@@ -6240,7 +6307,7 @@ AND Type = @InternalPersonType)");
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="reader">The reader.</param>
         /// <returns>MediaAttachment.</returns>
-        private MediaAttachment GetMediaAttachment(IReadOnlyList<IResultSetValue> reader)
+        private MediaAttachment GetMediaAttachment(IReadOnlyList<ResultSetValue> reader)
         {
             var item = new MediaAttachment
             {

Emby.Server.Implementations/Data/SqliteUserDataRepository.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;
@@ -348,7 +350,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
         /// Read a row from the specified reader into the provided userData object.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="reader"></param>
-        private UserItemData ReadRow(IReadOnlyList<IResultSetValue> reader)
+        private UserItemData ReadRow(IReadOnlyList<ResultSetValue> reader)
         {
             var userData = new UserItemData();
 

Emby.Server.Implementations/Data/TypeMapper.cs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
         /// This holds all the types in the running assemblies
         /// so that we can de-serialize properly when we don't have strong types.
         /// </summary>
-        private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, Type> _typeMap = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, Type>();
+        private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, Type?> _typeMap = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, Type?>();
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the type.
@@ -21,26 +21,16 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Data
         /// <param name="typeName">Name of the type.</param>
         /// <returns>Type.</returns>
         /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><c>typeName</c> is null.</exception>
-        public Type GetType(string typeName)
+        public Type? GetType(string typeName)
         {
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(typeName))
             {
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(typeName));
             }
 
-            return _typeMap.GetOrAdd(typeName, LookupType);
+            return _typeMap.GetOrAdd(typeName, k => AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies()
-        }
+                .Select(a => a.GetType(k))
-
+                .FirstOrDefault(t => t != null));
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Lookups the type.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="typeName">Name of the type.</param>
-        /// <returns>Type.</returns>
-        private Type LookupType(string typeName)
-        {
-            return AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies()
-                .Select(a => a.GetType(typeName))
-                .FirstOrDefault(t => t != null);
         }
     }
 }

Emby.Server.Implementations/Devices/DeviceId.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Dto/DtoService.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Emby.Server.Implementations.csproj

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
     <ProjectReference Include="..\Emby.Naming\Emby.Naming.csproj" />
     <ProjectReference Include="..\Emby.Notifications\Emby.Notifications.csproj" />
     <ProjectReference Include="..\Jellyfin.Api\Jellyfin.Api.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\Jellyfin.Server.Implementations\Jellyfin.Server.Implementations.csproj" />
     <ProjectReference Include="..\MediaBrowser.Model\MediaBrowser.Model.csproj" />
     <ProjectReference Include="..\MediaBrowser.Common\MediaBrowser.Common.csproj" />
     <ProjectReference Include="..\MediaBrowser.Controller\MediaBrowser.Controller.csproj" />
@@ -27,11 +28,11 @@
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory" Version="5.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Abstractions" Version="5.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.Abstractions" Version="5.0.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Relational" Version="5.0.6" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Relational" Version="5.0.7" />
     <PackageReference Include="Mono.Nat" Version="3.0.1" />
     <PackageReference Include="prometheus-net.DotNetRuntime" Version="4.1.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="sharpcompress" Version="0.28.2" />
+    <PackageReference Include="sharpcompress" Version="0.28.3" />
-    <PackageReference Include="SQLitePCL.pretty.netstandard" Version="2.2.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="SQLitePCL.pretty.netstandard" Version="3.1.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="DotNet.Glob" Version="3.1.2" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@
     <GenerateAssemblyInfo>false</GenerateAssemblyInfo>
     <GenerateDocumentationFile>true</GenerateDocumentationFile>
     <TreatWarningsAsErrors Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == 'Release'">true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
     <!-- https://github.com/microsoft/ApplicationInsights-dotnet/issues/2047 -->
     <NoWarn>AD0001</NoWarn>
     <AnalysisMode Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == 'Debug' ">AllEnabledByDefault</AnalysisMode>

Emby.Server.Implementations/EntryPoints/ExternalPortForwarding.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;
@@ -106,8 +108,6 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.EntryPoints
             NatUtility.StartDiscovery();
 
             _timer = new Timer((_) => _createdRules.Clear(), null, TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10));
-
-            _deviceDiscovery.DeviceDiscovered += OnDeviceDiscoveryDeviceDiscovered;
         }
 
         private void Stop()
@@ -118,13 +118,6 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.EntryPoints
             NatUtility.DeviceFound -= OnNatUtilityDeviceFound;
 
             _timer?.Dispose();
-
-            _deviceDiscovery.DeviceDiscovered -= OnDeviceDiscoveryDeviceDiscovered;
-        }
-
-        private void OnDeviceDiscoveryDeviceDiscovered(object sender, GenericEventArgs<UpnpDeviceInfo> e)
-        {
-            NatUtility.Search(e.Argument.LocalIpAddress, NatProtocol.Upnp);
         }
 
         private async void OnNatUtilityDeviceFound(object sender, DeviceEventArgs e)

Emby.Server.Implementations/EntryPoints/LibraryChangedNotifier.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/EntryPoints/RecordingNotifier.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/EntryPoints/UdpServerEntryPoint.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#nullable enable
-
 using System;
 using System.Net.Sockets;
 using System.Threading;
@@ -56,8 +54,8 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.EntryPoints
 
             try
             {
-                _udpServer = new UdpServer(_logger, _appHost, _config);
+                _udpServer = new UdpServer(_logger, _appHost, _config, PortNumber);
-                _udpServer.Start(PortNumber, _cancellationTokenSource.Token);
+                _udpServer.Start(_cancellationTokenSource.Token);
             }
             catch (SocketException ex)
             {

Emby.Server.Implementations/EntryPoints/UserDataChangeNotifier.cs

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.EntryPoints
         private readonly Dictionary<Guid, List<BaseItem>> _changedItems = new Dictionary<Guid, List<BaseItem>>();
 
         private readonly object _syncLock = new object();
-        private Timer _updateTimer;
+        private Timer? _updateTimer;
 
         public UserDataChangeNotifier(IUserDataManager userDataManager, ISessionManager sessionManager, IUserManager userManager)
         {
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.EntryPoints
             return Task.CompletedTask;
         }
 
-        void OnUserDataManagerUserDataSaved(object sender, UserDataSaveEventArgs e)
+        private void OnUserDataManagerUserDataSaved(object? sender, UserDataSaveEventArgs e)
         {
             if (e.SaveReason == UserDataSaveReason.PlaybackProgress)
             {
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.EntryPoints
                     _updateTimer.Change(UpdateDuration, Timeout.Infinite);
                 }
 
-                if (!_changedItems.TryGetValue(e.UserId, out List<BaseItem> keys))
+                if (!_changedItems.TryGetValue(e.UserId, out List<BaseItem>? keys))
                 {
                     keys = new List<BaseItem>();
                     _changedItems[e.UserId] = keys;
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.EntryPoints
             }
         }
 
-        private void UpdateTimerCallback(object state)
+        private void UpdateTimerCallback(object? state)
         {
             lock (_syncLock)
             {

Emby.Server.Implementations/HttpServer/Security/SessionContext.cs

@@ -43,14 +43,14 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.HttpServer.Security
             return GetSession((HttpContext)requestContext);
         }
 
-        public async Task<User> GetUser(HttpContext requestContext)
+        public async Task<User?> GetUser(HttpContext requestContext)
         {
             var session = await GetSession(requestContext).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
             return session == null || session.UserId.Equals(Guid.Empty) ? null : _userManager.GetUserById(session.UserId);
         }
 
-        public Task<User> GetUser(object requestContext)
+        public Task<User?> GetUser(object requestContext)
         {
             return GetUser(((HttpRequest)requestContext).HttpContext);
         }

Emby.Server.Implementations/HttpServer/WebSocketConnection.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#nullable enable
-
 using System;
 using System.Buffers;
 using System.IO.Pipelines;

Emby.Server.Implementations/HttpServer/WebSocketManager.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/IO/FileRefresher.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/IO/LibraryMonitor.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/IO/ManagedFileSystem.cs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using MediaBrowser.Common.Configuration;
+using MediaBrowser.Common.Extensions;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.IO;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.System;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.IO
         /// <param name="filename">The filename.</param>
         /// <returns>System.String.</returns>
         /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">filename</exception>
-        public virtual string ResolveShortcut(string filename)
+        public virtual string? ResolveShortcut(string filename)
         {
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(filename))
             {
@@ -243,8 +244,8 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.IO
                 {
                     result.Length = fileInfo.Length;
 
-                    // Issue #2354 get the size of files behind symbolic links
+                    // Issue #2354 get the size of files behind symbolic links. Also Enum.HasFlag is bad as it boxes!
-                    if (fileInfo.Attributes.HasFlag(FileAttributes.ReparsePoint))
+                    if ((fileInfo.Attributes & FileAttributes.ReparsePoint) == FileAttributes.ReparsePoint)
                     {
                         try
                         {
@@ -601,7 +602,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.IO
             return GetFiles(path, null, false, recursive);
         }
 
-        public virtual IEnumerable<FileSystemMetadata> GetFiles(string path, IReadOnlyList<string> extensions, bool enableCaseSensitiveExtensions, bool recursive = false)
+        public virtual IEnumerable<FileSystemMetadata> GetFiles(string path, IReadOnlyList<string>? extensions, bool enableCaseSensitiveExtensions, bool recursive = false)
         {
             var enumerationOptions = GetEnumerationOptions(recursive);
 
@@ -618,13 +619,13 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.IO
             {
                 files = files.Where(i =>
                 {
-                    var ext = i.Extension;
+                    var ext = i.Extension.AsSpan();
-                    if (ext == null)
+                    if (ext.IsEmpty)
                     {
                         return false;
                     }
 
-                    return extensions.Contains(ext, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+                    return extensions.Contains(ext, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
                 });
             }
 
@@ -636,8 +637,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.IO
             var directoryInfo = new DirectoryInfo(path);
             var enumerationOptions = GetEnumerationOptions(recursive);
 
-            return ToMetadata(directoryInfo.EnumerateDirectories("*", enumerationOptions))
+            return ToMetadata(directoryInfo.EnumerateFileSystemInfos("*", enumerationOptions));
-                .Concat(ToMetadata(directoryInfo.EnumerateFiles("*", enumerationOptions)));
         }
 
         private IEnumerable<FileSystemMetadata> ToMetadata(IEnumerable<FileSystemInfo> infos)
@@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.IO
             return GetFilePaths(path, null, false, recursive);
         }
 
-        public virtual IEnumerable<string> GetFilePaths(string path, string[] extensions, bool enableCaseSensitiveExtensions, bool recursive = false)
+        public virtual IEnumerable<string> GetFilePaths(string path, string[]? extensions, bool enableCaseSensitiveExtensions, bool recursive = false)
         {
             var enumerationOptions = GetEnumerationOptions(recursive);
 
@@ -672,13 +672,13 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.IO
             {
                 files = files.Where(i =>
                 {
-                    var ext = Path.GetExtension(i);
+                    var ext = Path.GetExtension(i.AsSpan());
-                    if (ext == null)
+                    if (ext.IsEmpty)
                     {
                         return false;
                     }
 
-                    return extensions.Contains(ext, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+                    return extensions.Contains(ext, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
                 });
             }
 

Emby.Server.Implementations/IO/MbLinkShortcutHandler.cs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.IO
 
         public string Extension => ".mblink";
 
-        public string Resolve(string shortcutPath)
+        public string? Resolve(string shortcutPath)
         {
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(shortcutPath))
             {

Emby.Server.Implementations/IO/StreamHelper.cs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.IO
 {
     public class StreamHelper : IStreamHelper
     {
-        public async Task CopyToAsync(Stream source, Stream destination, int bufferSize, Action onStarted, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        public async Task CopyToAsync(Stream source, Stream destination, int bufferSize, Action? onStarted, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             byte[] buffer = ArrayPool<byte>.Shared.Rent(bufferSize);
             try

Emby.Server.Implementations/IStartupOptions.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
-#nullable enable
 
 namespace Emby.Server.Implementations
 {

Emby.Server.Implementations/Images/BaseDynamicImageProvider.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Images/CollectionFolderImageProvider.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Images/DynamicImageProvider.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Images/FolderImageProvider.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System.Collections.Generic;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Images/GenreImageProvider.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System.Collections.Generic;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Images/PlaylistImageProvider.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System.Collections.Generic;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/CoreResolutionIgnoreRule.cs

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Library
                 if (parent != null)
                 {
                     // Don't resolve these into audio files
-                    if (string.Equals(Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(filename), BaseItem.ThemeSongFilename, StringComparison.Ordinal)
+                    if (Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(filename.AsSpan()).Equals(BaseItem.ThemeSongFilename, StringComparison.Ordinal)
                         && _libraryManager.IsAudioFile(filename))
                     {
                         return true;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/ExclusiveLiveStream.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/IgnorePatterns.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#nullable enable
-
 using System;
 using System.Linq;
 using DotNet.Globbing;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/LibraryManager.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;
@@ -694,25 +696,32 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Library
         }
 
         private IEnumerable<BaseItem> ResolveFileList(
-            IEnumerable<FileSystemMetadata> fileList,
+            IReadOnlyList<FileSystemMetadata> fileList,
             IDirectoryService directoryService,
             Folder parent,
             string collectionType,
             IItemResolver[] resolvers,
             LibraryOptions libraryOptions)
         {
-            return fileList.Select(f =>
+            // Given that fileList is a list we can save enumerator allocations by indexing
+            for (var i = 0; i < fileList.Count; i++)
             {
+                var file = fileList[i];
+                BaseItem result = null;
                 try
                 {
-                    return ResolvePath(f, directoryService, resolvers, parent, collectionType, libraryOptions);
+                    result = ResolvePath(file, directoryService, resolvers, parent, collectionType, libraryOptions);
                 }
                 catch (Exception ex)
                 {
-                    _logger.LogError(ex, "Error resolving path {path}", f.FullName);
+                    _logger.LogError(ex, "Error resolving path {Path}", file.FullName);
-                    return null;
                 }
-            }).Where(i => i != null);
+
+                if (result != null)
+                {
+                    yield return result;
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -1063,17 +1072,17 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Library
             // Start by just validating the children of the root, but go no further
             await RootFolder.ValidateChildren(
                 new SimpleProgress<double>(),
-                cancellationToken,
                 new MetadataRefreshOptions(new DirectoryService(_fileSystem)),
-                recursive: false).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                recursive: false,
+                cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
             await GetUserRootFolder().RefreshMetadata(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
             await GetUserRootFolder().ValidateChildren(
                 new SimpleProgress<double>(),
-                cancellationToken,
                 new MetadataRefreshOptions(new DirectoryService(_fileSystem)),
-                recursive: false).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                recursive: false,
+                cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
             // Quickly scan CollectionFolders for changes
             foreach (var folder in GetUserRootFolder().Children.OfType<Folder>())
@@ -1093,7 +1102,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Library
             innerProgress.RegisterAction(pct => progress.Report(pct * 0.96));
 
             // Validate the entire media library
-            await RootFolder.ValidateChildren(innerProgress, cancellationToken, new MetadataRefreshOptions(new DirectoryService(_fileSystem)), recursive: true).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            await RootFolder.ValidateChildren(innerProgress, new MetadataRefreshOptions(new DirectoryService(_fileSystem)), recursive: true, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
             progress.Report(96);
 
@@ -2074,7 +2083,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Library
                 return new List<Folder>();
             }
 
-            return GetCollectionFoldersInternal(item, GetUserRootFolder().Children.OfType<Folder>().ToList());
+            return GetCollectionFoldersInternal(item, GetUserRootFolder().Children.OfType<Folder>());
         }
 
         public List<Folder> GetCollectionFolders(BaseItem item, List<Folder> allUserRootChildren)
@@ -2099,10 +2108,10 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Library
             return GetCollectionFoldersInternal(item, allUserRootChildren);
         }
 
-        private static List<Folder> GetCollectionFoldersInternal(BaseItem item, List<Folder> allUserRootChildren)
+        private static List<Folder> GetCollectionFoldersInternal(BaseItem item, IEnumerable<Folder> allUserRootChildren)
         {
             return allUserRootChildren
-                .Where(i => string.Equals(i.Path, item.Path, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) || i.PhysicalLocations.Contains(item.Path, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                .Where(i => string.Equals(i.Path, item.Path, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) || i.PhysicalLocations.Contains(item.Path.AsSpan(), StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                 .ToList();
         }
 
@@ -2110,9 +2119,9 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Library
         {
             if (!(item is CollectionFolder collectionFolder))
             {
+                // List.Find is more performant than FirstOrDefault due to enumerator allocation
                 collectionFolder = GetCollectionFolders(item)
-                   .OfType<CollectionFolder>()
+                    .Find(folder => folder is CollectionFolder) as CollectionFolder;
-                   .FirstOrDefault();
             }
 
             return collectionFolder == null ? new LibraryOptions() : collectionFolder.GetLibraryOptions();
@@ -2498,8 +2507,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Library
         /// <inheritdoc />
         public bool IsVideoFile(string path)
         {
-            var resolver = new VideoResolver(GetNamingOptions());
+            return VideoResolver.IsVideoFile(path, GetNamingOptions());
-            return resolver.IsVideoFile(path);
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc />
@@ -2677,6 +2685,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Library
             return changed;
         }
 
+        /// <inheritdoc />
         public NamingOptions GetNamingOptions()
         {
             if (_namingOptions == null)
@@ -2690,13 +2699,12 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Library
 
         public ItemLookupInfo ParseName(string name)
         {
-            var resolver = new VideoResolver(GetNamingOptions());
+            var namingOptions = GetNamingOptions();
-
+            var result = VideoResolver.CleanDateTime(name, namingOptions);
-            var result = resolver.CleanDateTime(name);
 
             return new ItemLookupInfo
             {
-                Name = resolver.TryCleanString(result.Name, out var newName) ? newName.ToString() : result.Name,
+                Name = VideoResolver.TryCleanString(result.Name, namingOptions, out var newName) ? newName.ToString() : result.Name,
                 Year = result.Year
             };
         }
@@ -2710,9 +2718,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Library
                 .SelectMany(i => _fileSystem.GetFiles(i.FullName, _videoFileExtensions, false, false))
                 .ToList();
 
-            var videoListResolver = new VideoListResolver(namingOptions);
+            var videos = VideoListResolver.Resolve(fileSystemChildren, namingOptions);
-
-            var videos = videoListResolver.Resolve(fileSystemChildren);
 
             var currentVideo = videos.FirstOrDefault(i => string.Equals(owner.Path, i.Files[0].Path, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
 
@@ -2756,9 +2762,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Library
                 .SelectMany(i => _fileSystem.GetFiles(i.FullName, _videoFileExtensions, false, false))
                 .ToList();
 
-            var videoListResolver = new VideoListResolver(namingOptions);
+            var videos = VideoListResolver.Resolve(fileSystemChildren, namingOptions);
-
-            var videos = videoListResolver.Resolve(fileSystemChildren);
 
             var currentVideo = videos.FirstOrDefault(i => string.Equals(owner.Path, i.Files[0].Path, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
 

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/LiveStreamHelper.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/MediaSourceManager.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;
@@ -350,7 +352,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Library
 
         private string[] NormalizeLanguage(string language)
         {
-            if (language == null)
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(language))
             {
                 return Array.Empty<string>();
             }
@@ -379,8 +381,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Library
                 }
             }
 
-            var preferredSubs = string.IsNullOrEmpty(user.SubtitleLanguagePreference)
+            var preferredSubs = NormalizeLanguage(user.SubtitleLanguagePreference);
-                ? Array.Empty<string>() : NormalizeLanguage(user.SubtitleLanguagePreference);
 
             var defaultAudioIndex = source.DefaultAudioStreamIndex;
             var audioLangage = defaultAudioIndex == null
@@ -409,9 +410,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Library
                 }
             }
 
-            var preferredAudio = string.IsNullOrEmpty(user.AudioLanguagePreference)
+            var preferredAudio = NormalizeLanguage(user.AudioLanguagePreference);
-                ? Array.Empty<string>()
-                : NormalizeLanguage(user.AudioLanguagePreference);
 
             source.DefaultAudioStreamIndex = MediaStreamSelector.GetDefaultAudioStreamIndex(source.MediaStreams, preferredAudio, user.PlayDefaultAudioTrack);
         }

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/MediaStreamSelector.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/MusicManager.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/PathExtensions.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#nullable enable
-
 using System;
 using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
 using MediaBrowser.Common.Providers;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/ResolverHelper.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#nullable enable
-
 using System;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/Resolvers/Audio/AudioResolver.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/Resolvers/Audio/MusicAlbumResolver.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/Resolvers/Audio/MusicArtistResolver.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 using System;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/Resolvers/BaseVideoResolver.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;
@@ -45,11 +47,9 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Library.Resolvers
         protected virtual TVideoType ResolveVideo<TVideoType>(ItemResolveArgs args, bool parseName)
               where TVideoType : Video, new()
         {
-            var namingOptions = ((LibraryManager)LibraryManager).GetNamingOptions();
+            var namingOptions = LibraryManager.GetNamingOptions();
 
             // If the path is a file check for a matching extensions
-            var parser = new VideoResolver(namingOptions);
-
             if (args.IsDirectory)
             {
                 TVideoType video = null;
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Library.Resolvers
                     {
                         if (IsDvdDirectory(child.FullName, filename, args.DirectoryService))
                         {
-                            videoInfo = parser.ResolveDirectory(args.Path);
+                            videoInfo = VideoResolver.ResolveDirectory(args.Path, namingOptions);
 
                             if (videoInfo == null)
                             {
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Library.Resolvers
 
                         if (IsBluRayDirectory(child.FullName, filename, args.DirectoryService))
                         {
-                            videoInfo = parser.ResolveDirectory(args.Path);
+                            videoInfo = VideoResolver.ResolveDirectory(args.Path, namingOptions);
 
                             if (videoInfo == null)
                             {
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Library.Resolvers
                     }
                     else if (IsDvdFile(filename))
                     {
-                        videoInfo = parser.ResolveDirectory(args.Path);
+                        videoInfo = VideoResolver.ResolveDirectory(args.Path, namingOptions);
 
                         if (videoInfo == null)
                         {
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Library.Resolvers
             }
             else
             {
-                var videoInfo = parser.Resolve(args.Path, false, false);
+                var videoInfo = VideoResolver.Resolve(args.Path, false, namingOptions, false);
 
                 if (videoInfo == null)
                 {
@@ -250,10 +250,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Library.Resolvers
 
         protected void Set3DFormat(Video video)
         {
-            var namingOptions = ((LibraryManager)LibraryManager).GetNamingOptions();
+            var result = Format3DParser.Parse(video.Path, LibraryManager.GetNamingOptions());
-
-            var resolver = new Format3DParser(namingOptions);
-            var result = resolver.Parse(video.Path);
 
             Set3DFormat(video, result.Is3D, result.Format3D);
         }

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/Resolvers/Books/BookResolver.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/Resolvers/FolderResolver.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Entities;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Library;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Resolvers;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/Resolvers/ItemResolver.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Entities;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Library;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Resolvers;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/Resolvers/Movies/BoxSetResolver.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 using System;
 using System.IO;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Entities;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/Resolvers/Movies/MovieResolver.cs

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
 using Emby.Naming.Video;
+using MediaBrowser.Common.Extensions;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Drawing;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Entities;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Entities.Movies;
@@ -255,10 +258,9 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Library.Resolvers.Movies
                 }
             }
 
-            var namingOptions = ((LibraryManager)LibraryManager).GetNamingOptions();
+            var namingOptions = LibraryManager.GetNamingOptions();
 
-            var resolver = new VideoListResolver(namingOptions);
+            var resolverResult = VideoListResolver.Resolve(files, namingOptions, suppportMultiEditions).ToList();
-            var resolverResult = resolver.Resolve(files, suppportMultiEditions).ToList();
 
             var result = new MultiItemResolverResult
             {
@@ -535,7 +537,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Library.Resolvers.Movies
             return returnVideo;
         }
 
-        private bool IsInvalid(Folder parent, string collectionType)
+        private bool IsInvalid(Folder parent, ReadOnlySpan<char> collectionType)
         {
             if (parent != null)
             {
@@ -545,12 +547,12 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Library.Resolvers.Movies
                 }
             }
 
-            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(collectionType))
+            if (collectionType.IsEmpty)
             {
                 return false;
             }
 
-            return !_validCollectionTypes.Contains(collectionType, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+            return !_validCollectionTypes.Contains(collectionType, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
         }
     }
 }

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/Resolvers/PhotoAlbumResolver.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 using System;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Drawing;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Entities;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/Resolvers/PhotoResolver.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/Resolvers/PlaylistResolver.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/Resolvers/SpecialFolderResolver.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/Resolvers/TV/EpisodeResolver.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 using System;
 using System.Linq;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Entities;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/Resolvers/TV/SeasonResolver.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 using System.Globalization;
 using Emby.Naming.TV;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Entities.TV;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/Resolvers/TV/SeriesResolver.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/Resolvers/VideoResolver.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Entities;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/SearchEngine.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/UserDataManager.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;
@@ -220,7 +222,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Library
             var hasRuntime = runtimeTicks > 0;
 
             // If a position has been reported, and if we know the duration
-            if (positionTicks > 0 && hasRuntime && !(item is AudioBook))
+            if (positionTicks > 0 && hasRuntime && item is not AudioBook && item is not Book)
             {
                 var pctIn = decimal.Divide(positionTicks, runtimeTicks) * 100;
 
@@ -239,7 +241,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.Library
                 {
                     // Enforce MinResumeDuration
                     var durationSeconds = TimeSpan.FromTicks(runtimeTicks).TotalSeconds;
-                    if (durationSeconds < _config.Configuration.MinResumeDurationSeconds && !(item is Book))
+                    if (durationSeconds < _config.Configuration.MinResumeDurationSeconds)
                     {
                         positionTicks = 0;
                         data.Played = playedToCompletion = true;

Emby.Server.Implementations/Library/UserViewManager.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/LiveTv/EmbyTV/DirectRecorder.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/LiveTv/EmbyTV/EmbyTV.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/LiveTv/EmbyTV/EncodedRecorder.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/LiveTv/EmbyTV/EpgChannelData.cs

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ using MediaBrowser.Controller.LiveTv;
 
 namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.LiveTv.EmbyTV
 {
-
     internal class EpgChannelData
     {
 
@@ -39,13 +38,13 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.LiveTv.EmbyTV
             }
         }
 
-        public ChannelInfo GetChannelById(string id)
+        public ChannelInfo? GetChannelById(string id)
             => _channelsById.GetValueOrDefault(id);
 
-        public ChannelInfo GetChannelByNumber(string number)
+        public ChannelInfo? GetChannelByNumber(string number)
             => _channelsByNumber.GetValueOrDefault(number);
 
-        public ChannelInfo GetChannelByName(string name)
+        public ChannelInfo? GetChannelByName(string name)
             => _channelsByName.GetValueOrDefault(name);
 
         public static string NormalizeName(string value)

Emby.Server.Implementations/LiveTv/EmbyTV/ItemDataProvider.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/LiveTv/EmbyTV/TimerManager.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/LiveTv/Listings/SchedulesDirect.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/LiveTv/Listings/XmlTvListingsProvider.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/LiveTv/LiveTvConfigurationFactory.cs

@@ -1,21 +1,23 @@
-#pragma warning disable CS1591
-
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using MediaBrowser.Common.Configuration;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.LiveTv;
 
 namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.LiveTv
 {
+    /// <summary>
+    /// <see cref="IConfigurationFactory" /> implementation for <see cref="LiveTvOptions" />.
+    /// </summary>
     public class LiveTvConfigurationFactory : IConfigurationFactory
     {
+        /// <inheritdoc />
         public IEnumerable<ConfigurationStore> GetConfigurations()
         {
             return new ConfigurationStore[]
             {
                 new ConfigurationStore
                 {
-                     ConfigurationType = typeof(LiveTvOptions),
+                    ConfigurationType = typeof(LiveTvOptions),
-                     Key = "livetv"
+                    Key = "livetv"
                 }
             };
         }

Emby.Server.Implementations/LiveTv/LiveTvDtoService.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;

Emby.Server.Implementations/LiveTv/LiveTvManager.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;
@@ -2264,7 +2266,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.LiveTv
 
             if (dataSourceChanged)
             {
-                _taskManager.CancelIfRunningAndQueue<RefreshChannelsScheduledTask>();
+                _taskManager.CancelIfRunningAndQueue<RefreshGuideScheduledTask>();
             }
 
             return info;
@@ -2307,7 +2309,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.LiveTv
 
             _config.SaveConfiguration("livetv", config);
 
-            _taskManager.CancelIfRunningAndQueue<RefreshChannelsScheduledTask>();
+            _taskManager.CancelIfRunningAndQueue<RefreshGuideScheduledTask>();
 
             return info;
         }
@@ -2319,7 +2321,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.LiveTv
             config.ListingProviders = config.ListingProviders.Where(i => !string.Equals(id, i.Id, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)).ToArray();
 
             _config.SaveConfiguration("livetv", config);
-            _taskManager.CancelIfRunningAndQueue<RefreshChannelsScheduledTask>();
+            _taskManager.CancelIfRunningAndQueue<RefreshGuideScheduledTask>();
         }
 
         public async Task<TunerChannelMapping> SetChannelMapping(string providerId, string tunerChannelId, string providerChannelId)
@@ -2353,7 +2355,7 @@ namespace Emby.Server.Implementations.LiveTv
             var tunerChannelMappings =
                 tunerChannels.Select(i => GetTunerChannelMapping(i, mappings, providerChannels)).ToList();
 
-            _taskManager.CancelIfRunningAndQueue<RefreshChannelsScheduledTask>();
+            _taskManager.CancelIfRunningAndQueue<RefreshGuideScheduledTask>();
 
             return tunerChannelMappings.First(i => string.Equals(i.Id, tunerChannelId, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
         }

Emby.Server.Implementations/LiveTv/LiveTvMediaSourceProvider.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#nullable disable
+
 #pragma warning disable CS1591
 
 using System;